IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/fip/fedcec/96593.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

COVID-19 and Education: An Updated Survey of the Research

Author

Listed:
  • Peter Hinrichs

Abstract

This Economic Commentary surveys research on COVID-19 in relation to education in the United States. It is a companion to an earlier survey (Hinrichs, 2021) and focuses on the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic that might persist even after life has returned to a relative normal. The evidence suggests that the pandemic led to lower enrollment at public schools and negatively impacted student learning. In addition, teacher turnover did not rise at the beginning of the pandemic, but it has risen in the years since.

Suggested Citation

  • Peter Hinrichs, 2023. "COVID-19 and Education: An Updated Survey of the Research," Economic Commentary, Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, vol. 2023(15), pages 1-5, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:fip:fedcec:96593
    DOI: 10.26509/frbc-ec-202315
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.clevelandfed.org/-/media/project/clevelandfedtenant/clevelandfedsite/publications/economic-commentary/2023/ec-202315-covid-19-and-education-an-updated-survey-of-the-research/ec-202315.pdf
    File Function: Full Text
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://doi.org/10.26509/frbc-ec-202315
    File Function: Persistent Link
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.26509/frbc-ec-202315?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Rebecca Jack & Clare Halloran & James Okun & Emily Oster, 2023. "Pandemic Schooling Mode and Student Test Scores: Evidence from US School Districts," American Economic Review: Insights, American Economic Association, vol. 5(2), pages 173-190, June.
    2. Elena Doty & Thomas J. Kane & Tyler Patterson & Douglas O. Staiger, 2022. "What Do Changes in State Test Scores Imply for Later Life Outcomes?," NBER Working Papers 30701, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    3. Musaddiq, Tareena & Stange, Kevin & Bacher-Hicks, Andrew & Goodman, Joshua, 2022. "The Pandemic’s effect on demand for public schools, homeschooling, and private schools," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 212(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Levere, Michael & Hemmeter, Jeffrey & Wittenburg, David, 2024. "The importance of schools in driving children’s applications for disability benefits," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 239(C).
    2. Charlene Marie Kalenkoski & Sabrina Wulff Pabilonia, 2025. "Teen social interactions and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic," Review of Economics of the Household, Springer, vol. 23(1), pages 357-404, March.
    3. Harbatkin, Erica & Strunk, Katharine O. & McIlwain, Aliyah, 2023. "School turnaround in a pandemic: An examination of the outsized implications of COVID-19 on low-performing turnaround schools, districts, and their communities," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 97(C).
    4. Riley K. Acton & Wenjia Cao & Emily E. Cook & Scott A. Imberman & Michael F. Lovenheim, 2022. "The Effect of Vaccine Mandates on Disease Spread: Evidence from College COVID-19 Mandates," NBER Working Papers 30303, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    5. Iqbal,Syedah Aroob & Patrinos,Harry Anthony, 2023. "Learning during the Pandemic : Evidence from Uzbekistan," Policy Research Working Paper Series 10474, The World Bank.
    6. Bacher-Hicks, Andrew & Musaddiq, Tareena & Goodman, Joshua & Stange, Kevin, 2024. "The stickiness of pandemic-driven disenrollment from public schools," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 100(C).
    7. David R. Agrawal & Aline Bütikofer, 2022. "Public finance in the era of the COVID-19 crisis," International Tax and Public Finance, Springer;International Institute of Public Finance, vol. 29(6), pages 1349-1372, December.
    8. Bryant G. Hopkins & Katharine O. Strunk & Scott A. Imberman & Adrea J. Truckenmiller & Matthew Guzman & Marisa H. Fisher, 2023. "Trends in Special Education Identification During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Michigan," NBER Working Papers 31261, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    9. Katherine Lim & Mike Zabek, 2024. "Women’s Labor Force Exits During COVID-19: Differences by Motherhood, Race, and Ethnicity," Journal of Family and Economic Issues, Springer, vol. 45(3), pages 504-527, September.
    10. Conti, Gabriella & Giannola, Michele & Toppeta, Alessandro, 2022. "Parental Beliefs, Perceived Health Risks, and Time Investment in Children: Evidence from COVID-19," IZA Discussion Papers 15765, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    11. Janzen, Sarah & Magnan, Nicholas & Mullally, Conner & Sharma, Shruti & Shrestha, Bhola, 2025. "Going the distance: Hybrid vocational training for women in Nepal," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 174(C).
    12. Banerjee, Rakesh & Bharati, Tushar, 2025. "Learning disruptions and academic outcomes," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 107(C).
    13. Matías Ciaschi & Johanna Fajardo-Gonzalez & Mariana Viollaz, 2025. "Navigating educational disruptions: the gender divide in parental involvement and children’s learning outcomes," Review of Economics of the Household, Springer, vol. 23(3), pages 1113-1132, September.
    14. Gillitzer, Christian & Prasad, Nalini, 2024. "The effect of school closures on standardized test scores: Evidence under zero-COVID policies," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 102(C).
    15. Maddawin, Angelica & Morgan, Peter & Park, Albert & Suryadarma, Daniel & Long, Trinh Q. & Vandenberg, Paul, 2024. "Learning disruptions during the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from household surveys in Southeast Asia," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 107(C).
    16. Shinsuke Asakawa & Fumio Ohtake & Shinpei Sano, 2025. "The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the academic achievement of elementary and junior high school students: analysis using administrative data from Amagasaki City," Review of Economics of the Household, Springer, vol. 23(1), pages 405-442, March.
    17. Lattanzio, Salvatore, 2024. "Schools and the transmission of Sars-Cov-2: Evidence from Italy," Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier, vol. 52(C).
    18. Danielle V. Handel & Eric A. Hanushek, 2024. "Contexts of Convenience: Generalizing from Published Evaluations of School Finance Policies," Evaluation Review, , vol. 48(3), pages 461-494, June.
    19. Roy, Joydeep & Nguyen-Hoang, Phuong, 2022. "School enrollments during the COVID-19 pandemic: The case of New York," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 219(C).
    20. Sarah Moon, 2024. "Partial Identification of Individual-Level Parameters Using Aggregate Data in a Nonparametric Model," Papers 2403.07236, arXiv.org, revised Dec 2025.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:fip:fedcec:96593. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: 4D Library (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/frbclus.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.