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Coberturas financieras para mitigar los efectos del cambio climático

Author

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  • Guillermo Sierra Juárez

    (Universidad de Guadalajara)

Abstract

Objetivo: Estimar el valor de una prima de una opción financiera para realizar una cobertura en contra de los efectos del cambio climático, particularmente ante el incremento mundial en el nivel del mar producido por el aumento de la temperatura promedio en el mundo y en los casos especiales de Estados Unidos y México. Método: Se considera el modelo de Heston dentro de la metodología de teoría de opciones financieras donde se propone el comportamiento del nivel del mar como un movimiento geométrico browniano que está en función del aumento de la temperatura promedio también modelado como un geométrico browniano con la reversión a la media. Se encuentra la solución a través del método de simulación Monte Carlo. Resultados: De acuerdo al modelo planteado si la correlación entre nivel de incremento en el nivel del mar y temperatura media es positiva el precio de la cobertura resultaría ser más costoso como un seguro contra inundaciones. Por otro lado, entre más lento sea la convergencia a su valor de largo plazo de la temperatura media más costosa resultaría ser el valor de la cobertura. Limitaciones: El modelo aunque es complicado en su planteamiento y solución, es limitado en la consideración de sus supuestos, ya solamente considera un par de variables (nivel de mar y temperatura promedio) y supone un comportamiento estocástico y otro igual con reversión a la media, siendo que en la realidad tiene un gran número de variable involucradas. Sin embargo, a pesar de estas limitaciones nos proporciona ideas generales sobre su evolución en el tiempo y del valor de la prima de la opción. Principales hallazgos: Bajo los supuestos del modelo del Modelo de Heston planteado, el precio de una cobertura contra inundaciones por incremento en el nivel del mar por aumento en la temperatura promedio como consecuencia del cambio climático es función del nivel de correlación entre las variables, su convergencia en el largo plazo y la volatilidad. Para considerar un caso práctico tendría que calibrase y hacerse un ajuste en las unidades además de que hay que tener en cuenta que se trata de mercado incompleto.

Suggested Citation

  • Guillermo Sierra Juárez, 2026. "Coberturas financieras para mitigar los efectos del cambio climático," Ensayos Revista de Economía, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, vol. 45(1), pages 1-28, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:ere:journl:v:45:y:2026:i:1:id:341
    DOI: 10.29105/ensayos45.1-1
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Maximilian Kotz & Anders Levermann & Leonie Wenz, 2024. "RETRACTED ARTICLE: The economic commitment of climate change," Nature, Nature, vol. 628(8008), pages 551-557, April.
    2. Blanc-Blocquel, Augusto & Ortiz-Gracia, Luis & Oviedo, Rodolfo, 2024. "Efficient likelihood estimation of Heston model for novel climate-related financial contracts valuation," Mathematics and Computers in Simulation (MATCOM), Elsevier, vol. 225(C), pages 430-445.
    3. Adrien Bilal & Diego R. Känzig, 2024. "The Macroeconomic Impact of Climate Change: Global vs. Local Temperature," NBER Working Papers 32450, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    4. Heston, Steven L, 1993. "A Closed-Form Solution for Options with Stochastic Volatility with Applications to Bond and Currency Options," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 6(2), pages 327-343.
    5. Maximilian Kotz & Anders Levermann & Leonie Wenz, 2024. "Author Correction: The economic commitment of climate change," Nature, Nature, vol. 631(8020), pages 9-9, July.
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