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The hierarchy of human needs and their social valuation

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  • Orlando Gomes

Abstract

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to discuss the valuation of human needs within a given hierarchy. An important distinction is made between private utility and social relevance of needs. Design/methodology/approach - The authors consider a generic hierarchy of needs in a world of similar agents. For the assumed pyramid, agents have to predict the current social value of a need that they will try to fulfill only at some future date. Several possibilities are explored about the way agents predict the social value of future needs. Findings - It is found that if agents are unable to form an accurate forecast on the social value of a future need, distortions will eventually occur. Complex dynamics may emerge when agents try to learn future social values and use inaccurate learning algorithms. Research limitations/implications - The paper discusses how individuals measure the value of a need that is fulfilled in some future date. Results are dependent on the assumed learning algorithm. Different learning algorithms may lead to other kinds of long‐term implications. Practical implications - The paper allows for a better understanding of how human needs can be valued. Social implications - It is highlighted that aggregate behavior on the evaluation of needs may be different from the behavior of an average agent. Originality/value - In this paper, the notion of hierarchy of needs is combined with an assessment of how agents form expectations about future events. This furnishes a new paradigm of analysis that can be explored in related future work.

Suggested Citation

  • Orlando Gomes, 2011. "The hierarchy of human needs and their social valuation," International Journal of Social Economics, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 38(3), pages 237-259, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:eme:ijsepp:v:38:y:2011:i:3:p:237-259
    DOI: 10.1108/03068291111105183
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Eddie Dekel & Barton L. Lipman & Aldo Rustichini, 2009. "Temptation-Driven Preferences," Review of Economic Studies, Oxford University Press, vol. 76(3), pages 937-971.
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    2. Osland Gregory E. & Mackoy Robert & McCormick Marleen, 2017. "Perceptions of personal risk in tourists’ destination choices: nature tours in Mexico," European Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Recreation, Sciendo, vol. 8(1), pages 38-50, May.

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