Competitive advantage in the aviation in the context of resource dependence theory: The case of ground handling services

This study examines competitive advantage in the aviation sector within the context of resource dependency theory, specifically focusing on the ground handling services sector. The aim of the study is to identify the resources on which ground handling services companies depend within the context of resource dependency theory, to examine the competition experienced in the sector, and to determine the strategies used to achieve competitive advantage. The scope of the study consists of Group A ground handling companies operating in Türkiye. A qualitative research method was used in the study, and the data collected using semi-structured interviews were analyzed with the MAXQDA2020 program. The analysis revealed that the ground handling sector in Türkiye is costly and volatile, while competition in the sector is balanced and low. In ground handling companies, there is a greater reliance on outsources such as equipment, training, and workforce-human resource. The high cost of resources, regulatory compliance, frequent audits, and lack of alternative suppliers create a situation of forced dependency. Although competition within the sector is balanced and low, the competition between companies cannot be ignored. Ground handling companies generally provide services that are standardized by regulations and do not vary greatly, but they have advantages over their competitors in cargo-warehouse services and platinum services. In addition, ground handling companies have advantages in terms of sustainability, safety, and size. In this regard, ground handling companies implement collaboration-focused, quality-focused, cost-focused, and customer-focused strategies to gain a competitive advantage. Effective management of the procurement process for resources used in the ground handling services sector and dependency relationships related to resources provides companies with a competitive advantage. Companies manage dependency relationships by incorporating available resources into their own structures. However, due to the specialized areas of expertise, the necessity of the relationship, and the high costs involved, companies resort to outsourcing when necessary.