IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/transe/v141y2020ics1366554520306773.html

Illegal parking and optimal enforcement policies with search friction

Author

Listed:
  • Nourinejad, Mehdi
  • Gandomi, Amir
  • Roorda, Matthew J.

Abstract

Illegal parking adversely impacts traffic and creates unsafe conditions for other road users. We present parking enforcement policies to maximize social welfare and profit. We use the bilateral meet function to quantify the friction and characterize key factors of illegal parking behavior. The model shows that the citation probability increases with the violator dwell time but decreases with the violators arrival rate, and drivers are inclined to park illegally when their dwell time is short. We also present a counter-intuitive finding that the citation fine may increase the dwell time of the violators.

Suggested Citation

  • Nourinejad, Mehdi & Gandomi, Amir & Roorda, Matthew J., 2020. "Illegal parking and optimal enforcement policies with search friction," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 141(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:transe:v:141:y:2020:i:c:s1366554520306773
    DOI: 10.1016/j.tre.2020.102026
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1366554520306773
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.tre.2020.102026?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to

    for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Roland Kirstein, 2014. "Doping, the Inspection Game, and Bayesian Enforcement," Journal of Sports Economics, , vol. 15(4), pages 385-409, August.
    2. Petiot, Romain, 2004. "Parking enforcement and travel demand management," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 11(4), pages 399-411, October.
    3. Barabino, Benedetto & Salis, Sara & Useli, Bruno, 2014. "Fare evasion in proof-of-payment transit systems: Deriving the optimum inspection level," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 1-17.
    4. Kenneth Burdett & Shouyong Shi & Randall Wright, 2001. "Pricing and Matching with Frictions," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 109(5), pages 1060-1085, October.
    5. He, Fang & Yin, Yafeng & Shirmohammadi, Nima & Nie, Yu (Marco), 2013. "Tradable credit schemes on networks with mixed equilibrium behaviors," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 47-65.
    6. Yang, Hai & Yang, Teng, 2011. "Equilibrium properties of taxi markets with search frictions," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 45(4), pages 696-713, May.
    7. Sasaki, Yasuo, 2014. "Optimal choices of fare collection systems for public transportations: Barrier versus barrier-free," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 107-114.
    8. Thomas S. Ferguson & Costis Melolidakis, 1998. "On the inspection game," Naval Research Logistics (NRL), John Wiley & Sons, vol. 45(3), pages 327-334, April.
    9. Rudolf Avenhaus & D. Marc Kilgour, 2004. "Efficient distributions of arms‐control inspection effort," Naval Research Logistics (NRL), John Wiley & Sons, vol. 51(1), pages 1-27, February.
    10. Yang, Hai & Liu, Wei & Wang, Xiaolei & Zhang, Xiaoning, 2013. "On the morning commute problem with bottleneck congestion and parking space constraints," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 106-118.
    11. Christopher A. Pissarides & Barbara Petrongolo, 2001. "Looking into the Black Box: A Survey of the Matching Function," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 39(2), pages 390-431, June.
    12. Nourinejad, Mehdi & Roorda, Matthew J., 2017. "Parking enforcement policies for commercial vehicles," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 33-50.
    13. Boyles, Stephen D. & Tang, Shoupeng & Unnikrishnan, Avinash, 2015. "Parking search equilibrium on a network," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 81(P2), pages 390-409.
    14. Yang, Hai & Qin, Xiaoran & Ke, Jintao & Ye, Jieping, 2020. "Optimizing matching time interval and matching radius in on-demand ride-sourcing markets," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 131(C), pages 84-105.
    15. Barabino, Benedetto & Salis, Sara & Useli, Bruno, 2015. "What are the determinants in making people free riders in proof-of-payment transit systems? Evidence from Italy," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 184-196.
    16. Nourinejad, Mehdi & Wenneman, Adam & Habib, Khandker Nurul & Roorda, Matthew J., 2014. "Truck parking in urban areas: Application of choice modelling within traffic microsimulation," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 54-64.
    17. Andolfatto, David, 1996. "Business Cycles and Labor-Market Search," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 86(1), pages 112-132, March.
    18. Thompson, Russell G. & Richardson, Anthony J., 1998. "A Parking Search Model," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 32(3), pages 159-170, April.
    19. Zheng, Nan & Geroliminis, Nikolas, 2016. "Modeling and optimization of multimodal urban networks with limited parking and dynamic pricing," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 36-58.
    20. He, Fang & Yin, Yafeng & Chen, Zhibin & Zhou, Jing, 2015. "Pricing of parking games with atomic players," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 1-12.
    21. Avenhaus, Rudolf & Canty, Morton John, 2005. "Playing for time: A sequential inspection game," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 167(2), pages 475-492, December.
    22. Yang, Hai & Wang, Xiaolei & Yin, Yafeng, 2012. "The impact of speed limits on traffic equilibrium and system performance in networks," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 46(10), pages 1295-1307.
    23. Regis Barnichon & Andrew Figura, 2015. "Labor Market Heterogeneity and the Aggregate Matching Function," American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, American Economic Association, vol. 7(4), pages 222-249, October.
    24. Romain Petiot, 2004. "Parking enforcement and travel demand management," Post-Print hal-02422664, HAL.
    25. Inci, Eren, 2015. "A review of the economics of parking," Economics of Transportation, Elsevier, vol. 4(1), pages 50-63.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Tao, Tao & Qian, Sean, 2024. "Do Smart Loading Zones help reduce traffic congestion? A causal analysis in Pittsburgh," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 192(C).
    2. Xiao, Runhua Ivan & Jaller, Miguel, 2025. "Spatial analysis and predictive modeling framework of truck parking and idling impacts on environmental justice communities," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 127(C).
    3. Burns, Aaron J. & Michalek, Jeremy J. & Samaras, Constantine, 2024. "Estimating the potential for optimized curb management to reduce delivery vehicle double parking, traffic congestion and energy consumption," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 187(C).
    4. Kadkhodaei, Masoud & Shad, Rouzbeh & Ziaee, Seyed Ali & Kadkhodaei, Mohsen, 2023. "Prediction model for drivers' tendency to perpetrate a double parking violation on urban trips," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 331-339.
    5. Yu, Shanchuan & Gao, Kun & Song, Lang & Du, Yuchuan, 2025. "Equitable tradable parking permit scheme for shared nonpublic parking management," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 195(C).
    6. Zhou, Xizhen & Ding, Xueqi & Yan, Jie & Ji, Yanjie, 2023. "Spatial heterogeneity of urban illegal parking behavior: A geographically weighted Poisson regression approach," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 110(C).
    7. Kadkhodaei, Masoud & Shad, Rouzbeh & Ziaee, Seyed Ali, 2022. "Affecting factors of double parking violations on urban trips," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 120(C), pages 80-88.
    8. Gorji, Mohammad-Ali & Shetab-Boushehri, Seyyed-Nader & Akbarzadeh, Meisam, 2023. "Evaluation and improvement of the resilience of a transportation system against epidemic diseases: A system dynamics approach," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 133(C), pages 27-44.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Nourinejad, Mehdi & Roorda, Matthew J., 2017. "Parking enforcement policies for commercial vehicles," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 33-50.
    2. Najmi, Ali & Bostanara, Maryam & Gu, Ziyuan & Rashidi, Taha H., 2021. "On-street parking management and pricing policies: An evaluation from a system enhancement perspective," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 128-151.
    3. Wei Wu & Wei Liu & Fangni Zhang & Vinayak Dixit, 2021. "A New Flexible Parking Reservation Scheme for the Morning Commute under Limited Parking Supplies," Networks and Spatial Economics, Springer, vol. 21(3), pages 513-545, September.
    4. Samia Elattar & Hind Albalawi & Wafaa Saleh, 2023. "Parking Charges: Ingeniously Effective and Publicly Accepted in Riyadh?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-11, March.
    5. Inci, Eren, 2015. "A review of the economics of parking," Economics of Transportation, Elsevier, vol. 4(1), pages 50-63.
    6. Zhang, Fangni & Lindsey, Robin & Yang, Hai & Shao, Chaoyi & Liu, Wei, 2022. "Two-sided pricing strategies for a parking sharing platform: Reselling or commissioning?," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 40-63.
    7. David M. Arseneau & Brendan Epstein, 2018. "Efficient Mismatch," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2018-037, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    8. Bradley, Jake, 2022. "Worker-Firm Screening and the Business Cycle," IZA Discussion Papers 15017, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    9. Fang Zong & Meng Zeng & Ping Yu, 2024. "A parking pricing scheme considering parking dynamics," Transportation, Springer, vol. 51(4), pages 1349-1371, August.
    10. Benedetto Barabino & Sara Salis, 2019. "Moving Towards a More Accurate Level of Inspection Against Fare Evasion in Proof-of-Payment Transit Systems," Networks and Spatial Economics, Springer, vol. 19(4), pages 1319-1346, December.
    11. Jaller, Miguel & Rodier, Caroline & Zhang, Michael & Lin, Huachao & Lewis, Kathryn, 2021. "Fighting for Curb Space: Parking, Ride-Hailing, Urban Freight Deliveries, and Other Users," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt3jn371hw, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
    12. Semeneh Hunachew Bayih & Surafel Luleseged Tilahun, 2024. "Dynamic vehicle parking pricing. A review," Operations Research and Decisions, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Management, vol. 34(1), pages 35-59.
    13. Richard Rogerson & Robert Shimer & Randall Wright, 2005. "Search-Theoretic Models of the Labor Market: A Survey," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 43(4), pages 959-988, December.
    14. Tan, Bing Qing & Xu, Su Xiu & Thürer, Matthias & Kang, Kai & Zhao, Zhiheng & Li, Ming, 2024. "Booking versus search-based parking strategy: A game-theoretic methodology," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 104(C).
    15. Li, Xinwei & Ke, Jintao & Yang, Hai & Wang, Hai & Zhou, Yaqian, 2024. "An aggregate matching and pick-up model for mobility-on-demand services," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 190(C).
    16. Wang, Xiaotian & Wang, Xin, 2019. "Flexible parking reservation system and pricing: A continuum approximation approach," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 128(C), pages 408-434.
    17. Gu, Ziyuan & Li, Yifan & Saberi, Meead & Rashidi, Taha H. & Liu, Zhiyuan, 2023. "Macroscopic parking dynamics and equitable pricing: Integrating trip-based modeling with simulation-based robust optimization," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 173(C), pages 354-381.
    18. Nourinejad, Mehdi & Roorda, Matthew J., 2017. "Impact of hourly parking pricing on travel demand," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 98(C), pages 28-45.
    19. Sedláček, Petr, 2014. "Match efficiency and firms' hiring standards," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 123-133.
    20. Joshua Bernstein & Alexander W. Richter & Nathaniel A. Throckmorton, 2025. "The Matching Function and Nonlinear Business Cycles," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 57(2-3), pages 349-376, March.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:transe:v:141:y:2020:i:c:s1366554520306773. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/600244/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.