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A four-step method for electric-vehicle charging facility deployment in a dense city: An empirical study in Singapore

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  • Wang, Hua
  • Zhao, De
  • Meng, Qiang
  • Ong, Ghim Ping
  • Lee, Der-Horng

Abstract

In the recent decade, electric vehicles (EVs), as a clean and cost-effective transport means, are paving the way to replace conventional gasoline vehicles. To facilitate wider adoption of EVs, corresponding charging infrastructures have to be established first. In this paper, we propose a four-step method to deploy normal and fast charging stations that can satisfy the charging demand of private EVs, 1-shift and 2-shift EV taxis in a mature city. The proposed four-step method provides an easy-to-implement procedure for charging demand estimation and distribution. First, we derive the charging frequency and type of charging facilities for each type of EVs based on their technical specifications and operational characteristics. Then, total demand for normal and fast charging facilities can be generated by using up-to-date transport statistics, and these demand is allocated to various charging sites (car parks or petrol stations) based on spatial distribution of EVs. Given the average daily engaged working hours of a charger, service capacity at each charging station is thus determined. A case study of Singapore is put forward in the end and a scenario analysis is conducted to demonstrate the impact of driving range.

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  • Wang, Hua & Zhao, De & Meng, Qiang & Ong, Ghim Ping & Lee, Der-Horng, 2019. "A four-step method for electric-vehicle charging facility deployment in a dense city: An empirical study in Singapore," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 119(C), pages 224-237.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:transa:v:119:y:2019:i:c:p:224-237
    DOI: 10.1016/j.tra.2018.11.012
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    3. Metais, M.O. & Jouini, O. & Perez, Y. & Berrada, J. & Suomalainen, E., 2022. "Too much or not enough? Planning electric vehicle charging infrastructure: A review of modeling options," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 153(C).
    4. Bolong Yun & Daniel (Jian) Sun & Yingjie Zhang & Siwen Deng & Jing Xiong, 2019. "A Charging Location Choice Model for Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle Users," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(20), pages 1-23, October.
    5. Xu, Min & Meng, Qiang, 2019. "Fleet sizing for one-way electric carsharing services considering dynamic vehicle relocation and nonlinear charging profile," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 128(C), pages 23-49.
    6. Wang, Hua & Meng, Qiang & Wang, Jing & Zhao, De, 2021. "An electric-vehicle corridor model in a dense city with applications to charging location and traffic management," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 149(C), pages 79-99.
    7. Luis Oliveira & Arun Ulahannan & Matthew Knight & Stewart Birrell, 2020. "Wireless Charging of Electric Taxis: Understanding the Facilitators and Barriers to Its Introduction," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(21), pages 1-21, October.
    8. He, Sylvia Y. & Kuo, Yong-Hong & Sun, Ka Kit, 2022. "The spatial planning of public electric vehicle charging infrastructure in a high-density city using a contextualised location-allocation model," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 21-44.
    9. Yongzhong Wu & Siyi Zhuge & Guoxin Han & Wei Xie, 2022. "Economics of Battery Swapping for Electric Vehicles—Simulation-Based Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-18, February.
    10. Hong Gao & Kai Liu & Xinchao Peng & Cheng Li, 2020. "Optimal Location of Fast Charging Stations for Mixed Traffic of Electric Vehicles and Gasoline Vehicles Subject to Elastic Demands," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-16, April.
    11. Amjad, Muhammad & Farooq-i-Azam, Muhammad & Ni, Qiang & Dong, Mianxiong & Ansari, Ejaz Ahmad, 2022. "Wireless charging systems for electric vehicles," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
    12. Carrese, Stefano & D'Andreagiovanni, Fabio & Giacchetti, Tommaso & Nardin, Antonella & Zamberlan, Leonardo, 2021. "An optimization model and genetic-based matheuristic for parking slot rent optimization to carsharing," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).
    13. Zhou, Min & Long, Piao & Kong, Nan & Zhao, Lindu & Jia, Fu & Campy, Kathryn S., 2021. "Characterizing the motivational mechanism behind taxi driver’s adoption of electric vehicles for living: Insights from China," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 144(C), pages 134-152.
    14. Hu, Dingding & Zhou, Kaile & Li, Fangyi & Ma, Dawei, 2022. "Electric vehicle user classification and value discovery based on charging big data," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 249(C).
    15. Mustafa Hamurcu & Tamer Eren, 2020. "Electric Bus Selection with Multicriteria Decision Analysis for Green Transportation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-19, April.
    16. Kumar, Rajeev Ranjan & Chakraborty, Abhishek & Mandal, Prasenjit, 2021. "Promoting electric vehicle adoption: Who should invest in charging infrastructure?," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
    17. Wang, Hua & Zhao, De & Meng, Qiang & Ong, Ghim Ping & Lee, Der-Horng, 2020. "Network-level energy consumption estimation for electric vehicles considering vehicle and user heterogeneity," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 30-46.
    18. Feifeng Zheng & Zhixin Wang & Zhaojie Wang & Ming Liu, 2023. "Daytime and Overnight Joint Charging Scheduling for Battery Electric Buses Considering Time-Varying Charging Power," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-19, July.
    19. Xu, Min & Meng, Qiang, 2020. "Optimal deployment of charging stations considering path deviation and nonlinear elastic demand," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 120-142.
    20. Mikołaj Schmidt & Paweł Zmuda-Trzebiatowski & Marcin Kiciński & Piotr Sawicki & Konrad Lasak, 2021. "Multiple-Criteria-Based Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Design Problem," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-34, May.

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