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Leveraging blockchain technology and process innovation for green supply chain performance in environmentally sensitive industries

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  • Shan, Biaoan
  • Nisar, Qasim Ali
  • Ali, Imran

Abstract

As environmental concerns escalate globally, there is an urgent need to explore how emerging digital technologies, such as blockchain, can drive improvements in green supply chain performance (GSCP). While blockchain's potential is widely recognised, limited research has unpacked the underlying mechanisms and contextual factors shaping its sustainability impact. Addressing this gap, this study investigates the mediating role of process innovation and the moderating effect of industry environmental sensitivity in the blockchain–GSCP relationship. Drawing on Dynamic Capabilities Theory and the Technology–Organisation–Environment framework, a conceptual model is developed and tested using panel data from 163 firms across environmentally sensitive industries between 2010 and 2023. The findings reveal that blockchain adoption significantly enhances GSCP, primarily by enabling process innovation. This effect is markedly stronger in industries exposed to higher environmental pressures, underscoring the importance of external context. The study contributes to the digital transformation and sustainability literature and provides strategic guidance for firms and policymakers pursuing environmentally responsible supply chain practices through blockchain-enabled innovation.

Suggested Citation

  • Shan, Biaoan & Nisar, Qasim Ali & Ali, Imran, 2026. "Leveraging blockchain technology and process innovation for green supply chain performance in environmentally sensitive industries," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 224(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:tefoso:v:224:y:2026:i:c:s0040162525005360
    DOI: 10.1016/j.techfore.2025.124505
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