IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/socmed/v371y2025ics0277953625001984.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Explaining subjective social status and health: Beyond education, occupation and income

Author

Listed:
  • Robson, Matthew
  • Chen, Gang
  • Olsen, Jan Abel

Abstract

Subjective measures of social status often explain variations in health better than the typical objective measures of education, occupation, and income. This raises the question: if status affects health, then what affects status? To answer this, we ran a survey using representative samples of adult populations in the UK, US and Canada (n = 3,431) to gather data on respondents' subjective social status (SSS) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL), alongside an extensive, rarely gathered set of socioeconomic variables: education, occupation, income, comparative income, wealth, childhood circumstances, parents' education, partner's education, and social and cultural capital. We conduct Shapley-Owen decompositions to identify the relative contributions of these variables in explaining variation in SSS and HRQoL and use RIF (recentered influence function) -regressions to go beyond the mean and identify how these contributions change across the quantiles of SSS and HRQoL. Results show that education, occupation, and income explain relatively little of the explained variation in SSS (26%), while comparative income, wealth and childhood circumstances together explain more than 60%. We find that at higher quantiles of SSS and HRQoL the more subjective and relativistic measures of socioeconomic status contribute more to the explained variation, whilst at lower quantiles, variation is better explained by the more objective socioeconomic variables (i.e. education, occupation, income and wealth). These findings shed light on how policy makers could consider intervening to reduce health inequalities.

Suggested Citation

  • Robson, Matthew & Chen, Gang & Olsen, Jan Abel, 2025. "Explaining subjective social status and health: Beyond education, occupation and income," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 371(C).
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:socmed:v:371:y:2025:i:c:s0277953625001984
    DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.117869
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277953625001984
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.117869?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to

    for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Davillas, Apostolos & Jones, Andrew M, 2020. "Ex ante inequality of opportunity in health, decomposition and distributional analysis of biomarkers," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).
    2. Lanlin Ding & Andrew M. Jones & Peng Nie, 2022. "Ex ante Inequality of Opportunity in Health among the Elderly in China: A Distributional Decomposition Analysis of Biomarkers," Review of Income and Wealth, International Association for Research in Income and Wealth, vol. 68(4), pages 922-950, December.
    3. Frank Huettner & Marco Sunder, 2012. "rego: Stata module for decomposing goodness of fit according to Owen and Shapley values," United Kingdom Stata Users' Group Meetings 2012 17, Stata Users Group.
    4. Sinha, Kompal & Davillas, Apostolos & Jones, Andrew M. & Sharma, Anurag, 2021. "Do socioeconomic health gradients persist over time and beyond income? A distributional analysis using UK biomarker data," Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier, vol. 43(C).
    5. Jolliffe, Dean, 2011. "Overweight and poor? On the relationship between income and the body mass index," Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier, vol. 9(4), pages 342-355.
    6. Zhongliang Zhou & Yu Fang & Zhiying Zhou & Dan Li & Dan Wang & Yanli Li & Li Lu & Jianmin Gao & Gang Chen, 2017. "Assessing Income-Related Health Inequality and Horizontal Inequity in China," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 132(1), pages 241-256, May.
    7. Jens Hoebel & Ulrike E Maske & Hajo Zeeb & Thomas Lampert, 2017. "Social Inequalities and Depressive Symptoms in Adults: The Role of Objective and Subjective Socioeconomic Status," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(1), pages 1-18, January.
    8. Emma Zang & Anthony R. Bardo, 2019. "Objective and Subjective Socioeconomic Status, Their Discrepancy, and Health: Evidence from East Asia," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 143(2), pages 765-794, June.
    9. Sergio Firpo & Nicole M. Fortin & Thomas Lemieux, 2009. "Unconditional Quantile Regressions," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 77(3), pages 953-973, May.
    10. Han Yu, 2019. "The Impact of Self‐Perceived Relative Income on Life Satisfaction: Evidence from British Panel Data," Southern Economic Journal, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 86(2), pages 726-745, October.
    11. Anthony Shorrocks, 2013. "Decomposition procedures for distributional analysis: a unified framework based on the Shapley value," The Journal of Economic Inequality, Springer;Society for the Study of Economic Inequality, vol. 11(1), pages 99-126, March.
    12. Joseph N. Luchman, 2021. "Determining relative importance in Stata using dominance analysis: domin and domme," Stata Journal, StataCorp LLC, vol. 21(2), pages 510-538, June.
    13. Demakakos, Panayotes & Nazroo, James & Breeze, Elizabeth & Marmot, Michael, 2008. "Socioeconomic status and health: The role of subjective social status," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 67(2), pages 330-340, July.
    14. Ji Hye Kim & Claire Seungeun Lee, 2021. "Social Capital and Subjective Social Status: Heterogeneity within East Asia," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 154(3), pages 789-813, April.
    15. Johanna Lundberg & Margareta Kristenson, 2008. "Is Subjective Status Influenced by Psychosocial Factors?," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 89(3), pages 375-390, December.
    16. Jens Gundgaard & Jørgen Lauridsen, 2006. "A decomposition of income-related health inequality applied to EQ-5D," The European Journal of Health Economics, Springer;Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gesundheitsökonomie (DGGÖ), vol. 7(4), pages 231-237, December.
    17. Lamu, Admassu N. & Chen, Gang & Olsen, Jan Abel, 2023. "Amplified disparities: The association between spousal education and own health," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 323(C).
    18. Präg, Patrick & Mills, Melinda C. & Wittek, Rafael, 2016. "Subjective socioeconomic status and health in cross-national comparison," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 149(C), pages 84-92.
    19. Fernando Rios-Avila, 2020. "Recentered influence functions (RIFs) in Stata: RIF regression and RIF decomposition," Stata Journal, StataCorp LLC, vol. 20(1), pages 51-94, March.
    20. Frederich Kirsten & Ilse Botha & Mduduzi Biyase & Marinda Pretorius, 2023. "Determinants of Subjective Social Status in South Africa," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 168(1), pages 1-24, August.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Davillas, Apostolos & Jones, Andrew M, 2020. "Ex ante inequality of opportunity in health, decomposition and distributional analysis of biomarkers," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).
    2. Sinha, Kompal & Davillas, Apostolos & Jones, Andrew M. & Sharma, Anurag, 2021. "Do socioeconomic health gradients persist over time and beyond income? A distributional analysis using UK biomarker data," Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier, vol. 43(C).
    3. Davillas, Apostolos & Jones, Andrew M., 2020. "Regional inequalities in adiposity in England: distributional analysis of the contribution of individual-level characteristics and the small area obesogenic environment," Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier, vol. 38(C).
    4. Vincenzo Carrieri & Apostolos Davillas & Andrew M. Jones, 2023. "Equality of opportunity and the expansion of higher education in the UK," Review of Income and Wealth, International Association for Research in Income and Wealth, vol. 69(4), pages 861-885, December.
    5. Davillas, A. & Jones, A.M., 2020. "The COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on inequality of opportunity in psychological distress in the UK," Health, Econometrics and Data Group (HEDG) Working Papers 20/11, HEDG, c/o Department of Economics, University of York.
    6. Nie, Peng & Ding, Lanlin & Jones, Andrew M., 2020. "Inequality of Opportunity in Bodyweight among Middle-Aged and Older Chinese: A Distributional Approach," IZA Discussion Papers 13421, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    7. Middleditch, Paul & Moindrot, Will & Rudkin, Simon, 2022. "Teaching with Twitter: An extension to the traditional learning environment," International Review of Economics Education, Elsevier, vol. 41(C).
    8. Lanlin Ding & Andrew M. Jones & Peng Nie, 2022. "Ex ante Inequality of Opportunity in Health among the Elderly in China: A Distributional Decomposition Analysis of Biomarkers," Review of Income and Wealth, International Association for Research in Income and Wealth, vol. 68(4), pages 922-950, December.
    9. Burlinson, Andrew & Davillas, Apostolos & Giulietti, Monica, 2025. "Socioeconomic inequality in low-carbon technology adoption," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
    10. Kaiser, Andrea Hannah & Vorn, Searivoth & Ekman, Björn & Ross, Marlaina & Mao, Sovathiro & Koy, Sokunthea & Koeut, Pichenda & Sundewall, Jesper, 2025. "What contributes to out-of-pocket health expenditure in Cambodia's uncovered population? A distributional and decomposition analysis using survey data," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 367(C).
    11. Apostolos Davillas & Andrew M Jones, 2021. "The first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic and its impact on socioeconomic inequality in psychological distress in the UK," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 30(7), pages 1668-1683, July.
    12. Mkupete Jaah Mkupete & Dieter Von Fintel & Ronelle Burger, 2022. "Decomposing inequality of opportunity in child health in Tanzania: The role of access to water and sanitation," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 31(11), pages 2465-2480, November.
    13. Botha, Ferdi & Kabátek, Jan & Meekes, Jordy & Wilkins, Roger, 2023. "The Effects of Commuting and Working from Home Arrangements on Mental Health," IZA Discussion Papers 16618, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    14. Lamu, Admassu N. & Chen, Gang & Olsen, Jan Abel, 2023. "Amplified disparities: The association between spousal education and own health," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 323(C).
    15. Cleary, Rebecca & Liu, Yizao & Carlson, Andrea C., 2022. "Differences in the Distribution of Nutrition Between Households Above and Below Poverty," 2022 Annual Meeting, July 31-August 2, Anaheim, California 322267, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    16. Giacomo Melli & Stefani Scherer, 2024. "Populist Attitudes, Subjective Social Status, and Resentment in Italy," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 173(3), pages 589-606, July.
    17. Francis,David C. & Kubinec ,Robert, 2022. "Beyond Political Connections : A Measurement Model Approach to Estimating Firm-levelPolitical Influence in 41 Economies," Policy Research Working Paper Series 10119, The World Bank.
    18. Brenda Gannon & Danusha Jayawardana & Vicki Clifton, 2021. "Descriptive Data Analysis of Inequality of Economic Opportunity using the Queensland Family Cohort Pilot Study," Australian Economic Review, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research, vol. 54(3), pages 398-405, September.
    19. Coustaury, Camille & Jeannot, Elias & Moreau, Adele & Nietge, Clotilde & Maharani, Asri & Richards, Lindsay & Präg, Patrick, 2023. "Subjective socioeconomic status and self-rated health in the English Longitudinal Study of Aging: A fixed-effects analysis☆☆We thank the anonymous reviewers of Social Science & Medicine for their help," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 336(C).
    20. Gregorio Gimenez & Ana Isabel Gil-Lacruz & Marta Gil-Lacruz, 2021. "Is Happiness Linked to Subjective Life Expectancy? A Study of Chilean Senior Citizens," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 9(17), pages 1-12, August.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:socmed:v:371:y:2025:i:c:s0277953625001984. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/315/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.