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A location routing approach for mass evacuation planning with electric Trucks: An application to volcano-related disasters in Indonesia

Author

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  • Liperda, Rahmad Inca
  • Redi, A.A.N. Perwira
  • Maghfiroh, Meilinda Fitriani Nur

Abstract

A crucial component of humanitarian logistics is the response phase, which includes the evacuation process wherby communities are relocated from unsafe locations to safer ones. While the overall number of deaths caused by volcanic eruptions may be relatively low compared with those caused by other natural disasters, owing to cultural beliefs in Indonesia, communities continue to reside in volcanic areas. This highlights the need for efficient mass evacuation procedures to ensure the safety of communities. As the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) has decreased environmental impacts, there is an increasing awareness of the potential contributions that EVs may make to disaster response and evacuation procedures. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the use of EVs, particularly electric trucks (ETs), in the evacuation process during a disaster. The analysis focused on the Lumajang Regency in Central Java, Indonesia, which was often impacted by eruptions from Mount Semeru. A mathematical model based on the location routing problem, the electric truck location routing problem with pickup, transport, and recharging (ETLRP-PTR), was introduced to identify charging stations (CSs), analyze the appropriate state of charge (SoC) for the ET, and create effective routes to evacuate dispersed vulnerable communities. Two variants of ETLRP-PTR were developed, with a focus on different charging settings. The results showed that the partial recharging strategy led to higher costs but offers better time efficiency. Additionally, lower initial SoC and shorter completion times increase recharging needs and operational costs. These findings highlight a trade-off between operational efficiency and fairness, where prioritizing vulnerable groups may require more flexible routing, more vehicles, and higher costs. To enhance the role of ET in disaster evacuation, future research should explore renewable energy integration, charging queue dynamics, and stochastic conditions, as well as policy and long-term sustainability aspects.

Suggested Citation

  • Liperda, Rahmad Inca & Redi, A.A.N. Perwira & Maghfiroh, Meilinda Fitriani Nur, 2025. "A location routing approach for mass evacuation planning with electric Trucks: An application to volcano-related disasters in Indonesia," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 102(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:soceps:v:102:y:2025:i:c:s0038012125001442
    DOI: 10.1016/j.seps.2025.102295
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