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A comprehensive review of synchronization methods for grid-connected converters of renewable energy source

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  • Jaalam, N.
  • Rahim, N.A.
  • Bakar, A.H.A.
  • Tan, ChiaKwang
  • Haidar, Ahmed M.A.

Abstract

Recent interest in the integration of renewable energy sources (RES) into the power grid has raised concerns in synchronization of the various RES. Grid variables such as voltage, phase angle and frequency should be continuously monitored to guarantee correct operation and synchronization of power converters connected to the power grid. Numerous synchronization methods have been presented over the years to address issues such as unbalanced condition and frequency variation. This paper presents a review of past studies on synchronization methods for grid-connected converters together with their control and modeling techniques. Various estimation techniques for phase angle, frequency and harmonic are discussed and examined. Key challenges for a smart and efficient synchronization are briefly overviewed and possible future works are also recommended. A consolidated review is the particular focus of this paper, as is the provision of information on the best method for synchronizing grid-connected converters.

Suggested Citation

  • Jaalam, N. & Rahim, N.A. & Bakar, A.H.A. & Tan, ChiaKwang & Haidar, Ahmed M.A., 2016. "A comprehensive review of synchronization methods for grid-connected converters of renewable energy source," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 1471-1481.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:59:y:2016:i:c:p:1471-1481
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2016.01.066
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    2. Guerrero-Rodríguez, N.F. & Rey-Boué, Alexis B. & Bueno, E.J. & Ortiz, Octavio & Reyes-Archundia, Enrique, 2017. "Synchronization algorithms for grid-connected renewable systems: Overview, tests and comparative analysis," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 629-643.
    3. Catalin Petrea Ion & Ioan Serban, 2019. "Seamless Integration of an Autonomous Induction Generator System into an Inverter-Based Microgrid," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-18, February.
    4. Rosa Anna Mastromauro, 2020. "Grid Synchronization and Islanding Detection Methods for Single-Stage Photovoltaic Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-25, July.
    5. Ali, Zunaib & Christofides, Nicholas & Hadjidemetriou, Lenos & Kyriakides, Elias & Yang, Yongheng & Blaabjerg, Frede, 2018. "Three-phase phase-locked loop synchronization algorithms for grid-connected renewable energy systems: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 90(C), pages 434-452.
    6. Dariusz Zieliński & Karol Fatyga, 2021. "Frequency Estimation for Grid-Tied Inverters Using Resonant Frequency Estimator," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-14, October.
    7. Zeng, Zheng & Shao, Weihua & Chen, Hao & Hu, Borong & Chen, Wensuo & Li, Hui & Ran, Li, 2017. "Changes and challenges of photovoltaic inverter with silicon carbide device," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 624-639.
    8. Wajahat Ullah Khan Tareen & Muhammad Aamir & Saad Mekhilef & Mutsuo Nakaoka & Mehdi Seyedmahmoudian & Ben Horan & Mudasir Ahmed Memon & Nauman Anwar Baig, 2018. "Mitigation of Power Quality Issues Due to High Penetration of Renewable Energy Sources in Electric Grid Systems Using Three-Phase APF/STATCOM Technologies: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-41, June.

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