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Production and catalytic transformation of levulinic acid: A platform for speciality chemicals and fuels

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  • Yan, Kai
  • Jarvis, Cody
  • Gu, Jing
  • Yan, Yong

Abstract

Lignocellulosic biomass is a renewable and abundant source that can be used as a replacement for fossil resources in the sustainable production of speciality chemicals and transportation fuels. Over the last several decades, it has been demonstrated that one of the most effective methodology is to converse the high concentration of oxygen functionalized biomass monomers (e.g., cellulose, hemicelluloses) through de-functionalization into levulinic acid (LA) that has low oxygen content, followed by catalytic transformation of LA into fuels and valuable chemicals. This strategy currently seems to be the logical and promising alternative for sustainable development in the context of economic and environmental considerations. Besides, LA has been identified as one of the most promising platform chemicals for the sustainable production of fuels and commodity chemicals. This review is an up-to-date progress of literatures available on the subject of speciality chemicals and fuels derived from biomass through LA platform. The mechanism and current technologies for the production of LA are reviewed and compared. The potential theoretical calculation methods such as ab initio methods and density functional theories to predict the reaction pathway was also commented. The various transformation methods started from LA to speciality chemicals and fuels are critically reviewed. Among the various products, γ-valerolactone, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran and levuinate esters have been identified as promising fuels. The commercial diphenolic acid and delta-aminolevulinic acid have been widely utilized in many areas. The potential applications as well as fuel properties of these products are also discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Yan, Kai & Jarvis, Cody & Gu, Jing & Yan, Yong, 2015. "Production and catalytic transformation of levulinic acid: A platform for speciality chemicals and fuels," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 986-997.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:51:y:2015:i:c:p:986-997
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2015.07.021
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    2. Badgujar, Kirtikumar C. & Wilson, Lee D. & Bhanage, Bhalchandra M., 2019. "Recent advances for sustainable production of levulinic acid in ionic liquids from biomass: Current scenario, opportunities and challenges," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 266-284.
    3. Martin J. Taylor & Hassan A. Alabdrabalameer & Vasiliki Skoulou, 2019. "Choosing Physical, Physicochemical and Chemical Methods of Pre-Treating Lignocellulosic Wastes to Repurpose into Solid Fuels," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(13), pages 1-27, June.
    4. Kang, Shimin & Fu, Jinxia & Zhang, Gang, 2018. "From lignocellulosic biomass to levulinic acid: A review on acid-catalyzed hydrolysis," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 340-362.
    5. Hu, Lei & Lin, Lu & Wu, Zhen & Zhou, Shouyong & Liu, Shijie, 2017. "Recent advances in catalytic transformation of biomass-derived 5-hydroxymethylfurfural into the innovative fuels and chemicals," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 230-257.
    6. Łukajtis, Rafał & Hołowacz, Iwona & Kucharska, Karolina & Glinka, Marta & Rybarczyk, Piotr & Przyjazny, Andrzej & Kamiński, Marian, 2018. "Hydrogen production from biomass using dark fermentation," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 665-694.
    7. Mahrokh Samavati & Andrew Martin & Massimo Santarelli & Vera Nemanova, 2018. "Synthetic Diesel Production as a Form of Renewable Energy Storage," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-21, May.
    8. Tamara Righetti Tupini Cavalheiro & Raquel de Oliveira Alcoforado & Vinicius Soares de Abreu Silva & Pedro Paulo Saldanha Coimbra & Nathânia de Sá Mendes & Elisa D´avila Costa Cavalcanti & Diogo de Az, 2020. "The Impact of Organic Fertilizer Produced with Vegetable Residues in Lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.) Cultivation and Antioxidant Activity," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-11, December.
    9. Patel, Alok & Arora, Neha & Mehtani, Juhi & Pruthi, Vikas & Pruthi, Parul A., 2017. "Assessment of fuel properties on the basis of fatty acid profiles of oleaginous yeast for potential biodiesel production," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 604-616.
    10. Indra Neel Pulidindi & Tae Hyun Kim, 2018. "Conversion of Levulinic Acid from Various Herbaceous Biomass Species Using Hydrochloric Acid and Effects of Particle Size and Delignification," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-12, March.
    11. Rastogi, Rajesh P. & Pandey, Ashok & Larroche, Christian & Madamwar, Datta, 2018. "Algal Green Energy – R&D and technological perspectives for biodiesel production," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 82(P3), pages 2946-2969.
    12. Yu, Zhihao & Lu, Xuebin & Liu, Chen & Han, Yiwen & Ji, Na, 2019. "Synthesis of γ-valerolactone from different biomass-derived feedstocks: Recent advances on reaction mechanisms and catalytic systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 140-157.
    13. Rajneesh, & Singh, Shailendra P. & Pathak, Jainendra & Sinha, Rajeshwer P., 2017. "Cyanobacterial factories for the production of green energy and value-added products: An integrated approach for economic viability," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 578-595.
    14. Monteiro, Marcos Roberto & Kugelmeier, Cristie Luis & Pinheiro, Rafael Sanaiotte & Batalha, Mario Otávio & da Silva César, Aldara, 2018. "Glycerol from biodiesel production: Technological paths for sustainability," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 109-122.
    15. Hu, Di & Zhang, Man & Xu, Hong & Wang, Yuchen & Yan, Kai, 2021. "Recent advance on the catalytic system for efficient production of biomass-derived 5-hydroxymethylfurfural," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 147(C).
    16. Seong Ju Kim & Tae Hyun Kim & Kyeong Keun Oh, 2018. "Deacetylation Followed by Fractionation of Yellow Poplar Sawdust for the Production of Toxicity-Reduced Hemicellulosic Sugar for Ethanol Fermentation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-11, February.

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