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Conversion of carbohydrates biomass into levulinate esters using heterogeneous catalysts

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  • Peng, Lincai
  • Lin, Lu
  • Li, Hui
  • Yang, Qiulin

Abstract

The catalytic performances of common solid acids (ZSM-5(25), ZSM-5(36), NaY, H-mordenite, Zr3(PO4)4, SO42-/ZrO2, SO42-/TiO2, and TiO2) for the conversion of carbohydrates such as glucose to methyl levulinate in near-critical methanol were investigated to develop an environmentally benign catalyst with high activity. Among these catalysts employed, sulfated metal oxides (especially SO42-/TiO2) were found to be a type of potential catalysts for prospective utilization, which showed remarkably high selectivity and yield of methyl levulinate and had negligible undesired dimethyl ether formation from the dehydration of methanol. With SO42-/TiO2 as the catalyst, methyl levulinate in ca. 43, 33 and 59mol% yields could be obtained from sucrose, glucose and fructose, respectively, at 473K for 2h reaction time with a catalyst loading of 2.5wt.%. The heterogeneous catalyst (SO42-/TiO2) was easily recovered by filtration and exhibited good catalytic activities after calcination in five cycles of reusing. The surface structure and acidity variations of the fresh and recycled SO42-/TiO2 catalysts after calcination were characterized by XRD and NH3-TPD techniques. The results indicate that the catalyst crystallization structure was preserved after multiple cycles, the acid amount and acid strength of the catalyst reduced gradually as the increasing of recycling times.

Suggested Citation

  • Peng, Lincai & Lin, Lu & Li, Hui & Yang, Qiulin, 2011. "Conversion of carbohydrates biomass into levulinate esters using heterogeneous catalysts," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(12), pages 4590-4596.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:88:y:2011:i:12:p:4590-4596
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.05.049
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    4. Feng, Junfeng & Jiang, Jianchun & Xu, Junming & Yang, Zhongzhi & Wang, Kui & Guan, Qian & Chen, Shuigen, 2015. "Preparation of methyl levulinate from fractionation of direct liquefied bamboo biomass," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 154(C), pages 520-527.
    5. di Bitonto, Luigi & Locaputo, Vito & D'Ambrosio, Valeria & Pastore, Carlo, 2020. "Direct Lewis-Brønsted acid ethanolysis of sewage sludge for production of liquid fuels," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 259(C).
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    7. Li, Mengzhu & Wei, Junnan & Yan, Guihua & Liu, Huai & Tang, Xing & Sun, Yong & Zeng, Xianhai & Lei, Tingzhou & Lin, Lu, 2020. "Cascade conversion of furfural to fuel bioadditive ethyl levulinate over bifunctional zirconium-based catalysts," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(P1), pages 916-923.
    8. Tang, Xing & Zeng, Xianhai & Li, Zheng & Hu, Lei & Sun, Yong & Liu, Shijie & Lei, Tingzhou & Lin, Lu, 2014. "Production of γ-valerolactone from lignocellulosic biomass for sustainable fuels and chemicals supply," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 608-620.
    9. Zhao, Weijie & Li, Yingwen & Song, Changhua & Liu, Sijie & Li, Xuehui & Long, Jinxing, 2017. "Intensified levulinic acid/ester production from cassava by one-pot cascade prehydrolysis and delignification," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 204(C), pages 1094-1100.
    10. Carlo Pastore & Valeria D’Ambrosio, 2021. "Intensification of Processes for the Production of Ethyl Levulinate Using AlCl 3 ·6H 2 O," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-11, February.
    11. Liu, Jie & Wang, Xue-Qian & Yang, Bei-Bei & Liu, Chun-Ling & Xu, Chun-Li & Dong, Wen-Sheng, 2018. "Highly efficient conversion of glucose into methyl levulinate catalyzed by tin-exchanged montmorillonite," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 120(C), pages 231-240.
    12. Yan, Kai & Jarvis, Cody & Gu, Jing & Yan, Yong, 2015. "Production and catalytic transformation of levulinic acid: A platform for speciality chemicals and fuels," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 986-997.
    13. Zhang, Heng & Li, Hu & Hu, Yulin & Venkateswara Rao, Kasanneni Tirumala & Xu, Chunbao (Charles) & Yang, Song, 2019. "Advances in production of bio-based ester fuels with heterogeneous bifunctional catalysts," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 1-1.
    14. Chen, Han & Xu, Qiong & Zhang, Du & Liu, Wenzhu & Liu, Xianxiang & Yin, Dulin, 2021. "Highly efficient synthesis of γ-valerolactone by catalytic conversion of biomass-derived levulinate esters over support-free mesoporous Ni," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 1023-1032.
    15. Pan, Hu & Liu, Xiaofang & Zhang, Heng & Yang, Kaili & Huang, Shan & Yang, Song, 2017. "Multi-SO3H functionalized mesoporous polymeric acid catalyst for biodiesel production and fructose-to-biodiesel additive conversion," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 245-252.
    16. Yang, Yu & Abu-Omar, Mahdi M. & Hu, Changwei, 2012. "Heteropolyacid catalyzed conversion of fructose, sucrose, and inulin to 5-ethoxymethylfurfural, a liquid biofuel candidate," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 80-84.

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