A comprehensive review for the heat traceability in lithium-ion batteries: From generation and transfer to thermal management

The heat accumulation of lithium-ion batteries is a crucial factor influencing their performance. Excessive heat production can cause thermal runaway, heightening the risk of fire or explosion. Understanding the mechanisms of heat generation and transfer is vital for implementing effective thermal management strategies. Moreover, effective thermal management is imperative for sustaining the optimal operating temperature and performance optimization of the battery. This work systematically explores the intricate heat processes inside the batteries, encompassing heat generation, transfer, and dissipation. A critical analysis of heat generation mechanisms is presented, followed by a discussion of specific calculating models. A detailed description of various heat transfer mechanisms is provided and calculation models for temperature distribution inside the battery across different application scenarios are summarized. The strategies and advancements in thermal management for batteries are further evaluated, addressing both active, passive, and hybrid approaches, and the integration of innovative materials and technologies. Finally, the current challenges and prospects related to heat generation, heat transfer, and thermal management are also discussed. This work not only presents a comprehensive and systematic overview regarding the generation, transfer, and dissipation of heat in lithium-ion batteries but also provides valuable insights for professionals involved in research on heat generation and thermal management.