Aquatic phytoresources: An environmentally sustainable alternative biomaterial for bioenergy production

Exploring aquatic phytoresources as an alternative bioenergy feedstock tends to increase environmental sustainability due to the surge in the diversity of aquatic phytoresources, which sustains demand for continuous flow of resources. These study comprehensively dwelve into how the utilisation of microphytes, and macrophytes as a sources of clean bioenergy contribute to the goal of SDG 7. Synthetic tools such as optimization of culture conditions, chemical triggers, metabolic engineering, and genetic engineering where concisely highlighted as vital method for increasing the productivity of microphyte and prospects towards large-scale production, thus ensuring resources flow that maximized the efficiency of bioenergy production. The study butressed the fact that the utilisation of aquatic macrophytes as potential aquatic phytoresources for bioenergy production tend to increase environmental sustainability because it will reduce the inavasive effect caused by macrophytes and increase the ecological restoration role due to the important niche occupied by macrophytes. The methods such as pyrolysis, gastification, and liquefaction, fermentation, anaerobic digestion, and enzymatic hydrolysis were comprehensively studied as sustainable methods for the conversion of aquatic phytoresources into bioenergy, and the studies reviewed shows high efficiency of up to 90 and 60 % of total weight for the conversion of microphytes and macrophytes, respectively, into bioenergy. Despite the success of lab-scale production of bioenergy from aquatic phytoresources, the economic feasibility of large-scale production is yet to be achieved. The use of biosensing and synthetic techniques should be employed for the realtime monitoring of the cultivation system and optimization of the growth of aquatic phytoresources.