IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/rensus/v159y2022ics1364032122001150.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Closed-loop pressure retarded osmosis draw solutions and their regeneration processes: A review

Author

Listed:
  • Zadeh, Ali Etemad
  • Touati, Khaled
  • Mulligan, Catherine N.
  • McCutcheon, Jeffrey R.
  • Rahaman, Md. Saifur

Abstract

Pressure-Retarded Osmosis (PRO) is an osmotic process that has been used to harvest energy from salinity gradients using a semi permeable membrane. A comparison between open-loop PRO (OLPRO) and closed-loop PRO (CLPRO) was made regarding their performance and costs. In CLPRO, where the diluted draw solution is re-concentrated in the regeneration system to be reutilized in the process, has recently received an intensive focus as the most viable configuration for a standalone power plant. The choice of the PRO draw solution in CLPRO is crucial to garner a high osmotic pressure as the key for the feasibility of the process. In this review, the draw solutions are critically evaluated in the literature in terms of energy output as well as the method of regeneration used to recirculate them. A set of practical criteria has been suggested to appraise the adequacy of the solution for CLPRO application. It was concluded that NH3−CO2 theoretically can produce 170 W/m2 of power density. Inorganic draw solutes such as NaCl can generate high power density up to 87 W/m2. Organic draw solutes with their remarkably low reverse salt flux (RSF) have promising potential for future application in PRO. Similarly, the regeneration systems of the diluted draw solutions have also been reviewed and discussed. How the energy consumption of the regeneration process affects the feasibility of CLPRO is explained. For the specific case of osmotic heat engines (OHEs), when the energy of the regeneration process is supplied by heat waste, the range of applicability of the heat waste in CLPRO in terms of efficiency is defined and compared to Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC). The results showed that CLPRO has better efficiency than ORC for temperatures T < 80 °C, which makes it a promising process or low-grade heat energy recovery. In addition, a PRO-RO hybrid system coupled with solar power can reduce the net specific energy consumption (SEC) to 0.39 kWh/m3. The conditions that regeneration processes should operate under to make PRO viable are discussed in the last section. Overall, the study indicates the key factors for optimizing the performance of CLPRO process.

Suggested Citation

  • Zadeh, Ali Etemad & Touati, Khaled & Mulligan, Catherine N. & McCutcheon, Jeffrey R. & Rahaman, Md. Saifur, 2022. "Closed-loop pressure retarded osmosis draw solutions and their regeneration processes: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 159(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:159:y:2022:i:c:s1364032122001150
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2022.112191
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032122001150
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.rser.2022.112191?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Maleki, Akbar & Khajeh, Morteza Gholipour & Rosen, Marc A., 2016. "Weather forecasting for optimization of a hybrid solar-wind–powered reverse osmosis water desalination system using a novel optimizer approach," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 1120-1134.
    2. Altaee, Ali & Palenzuela, Patricia & Zaragoza, Guillermo & AlAnezi, Adnan Alhathal, 2017. "Single and dual stage closed-loop pressure retarded osmosis for power generation: Feasibility and performance," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 191(C), pages 328-345.
    3. Han, Gang & Ge, Qingchun & Chung, Tai-Shung, 2014. "Conceptual demonstration of novel closed-loop pressure retarded osmosis process for sustainable osmotic energy generation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 383-393.
    4. He, Wei & Wang, Yang & Shaheed, Mohammad Hasan, 2015. "Stand-alone seawater RO (reverse osmosis) desalination powered by PV (photovoltaic) and PRO (pressure retarded osmosis)," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 423-435.
    5. Wan, Chun Feng & Chung, Tai-Shung, 2016. "Energy recovery by pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) in SWRO–PRO integrated processes," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 687-698.
    6. Touati, Khaled & Usman, Haamid Sani & Mulligan, Catherine N. & Rahaman, Md. Saifur, 2020. "Energetic and economic feasibility of a combined membrane-based process for sustainable water and energy systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 264(C).
    7. Anthony P. Straub & Ngai Yin Yip & Shihong Lin & Jongho Lee & Menachem Elimelech, 2016. "Harvesting low-grade heat energy using thermo-osmotic vapour transport through nanoporous membranes," Nature Energy, Nature, vol. 1(7), pages 1-6, July.
    8. Prante, Jeri L. & Ruskowitz, Jeffrey A. & Childress, Amy E. & Achilli, Andrea, 2014. "RO-PRO desalination: An integrated low-energy approach to seawater desalination," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 120(C), pages 104-114.
    9. Wan, Chun Feng & Chung, Tai-Shung, 2018. "Techno-economic evaluation of various RO+PRO and RO+FO integrated processes," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 1038-1050.
    10. Touati, Khaled & Rahaman, Md. Saifur, 2020. "Viability of pressure-retarded osmosis for harvesting energy from salinity gradients," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 131(C).
    11. McKenna, R. & Ostman v.d. Leye, P. & Fichtner, W., 2016. "Key challenges and prospects for large wind turbines," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 1212-1221.
    12. Quoilin, Sylvain & Broek, Martijn Van Den & Declaye, Sébastien & Dewallef, Pierre & Lemort, Vincent, 2013. "Techno-economic survey of Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 22(C), pages 168-186.
    13. Dehmas, Djamila Abdeslame & Kherba, Nabila & Hacene, Fouad Boukli & Merzouk, Nachida Kasbadji & Merzouk, Mustapha & Mahmoudi, Hacene & Goosen, Mattheus F.A., 2011. "On the use of wind energy to power reverse osmosis desalination plant: A case study from Ténès (Algeria)," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(2), pages 956-963, February.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Tawalbeh, Muhammad & Al-Othman, Amani & Abdelwahab, Noun & Alami, Abdul Hai & Olabi, Abdul Ghani, 2021. "Recent developments in pressure retarded osmosis for desalination and power generation," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 138(C).
    2. Tufa, Ramato Ashu & Pawlowski, Sylwin & Veerman, Joost & Bouzek, Karel & Fontananova, Enrica & di Profio, Gianluca & Velizarov, Svetlozar & Goulão Crespo, João & Nijmeijer, Kitty & Curcio, Efrem, 2018. "Progress and prospects in reverse electrodialysis for salinity gradient energy conversion and storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 225(C), pages 290-331.
    3. Maisonneuve, Jonathan & Chintalacheruvu, Sanjana, 2019. "Increasing osmotic power and energy with maximum power point tracking," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(C), pages 683-695.
    4. Jihye Kim & Kwanho Jeong & Myoung Jun Park & Ho Kyong Shon & Joon Ha Kim, 2015. "Recent Advances in Osmotic Energy Generation via Pressure-Retarded Osmosis (PRO): A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(10), pages 1-25, October.
    5. Altaee, Ali & Zaragoza, Guillermo & Drioli, Enrico & Zhou, John, 2017. "Evaluation the potential and energy efficiency of dual stage pressure retarded osmosis process," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 199(C), pages 359-369.
    6. Touati, Khaled & Rahaman, Md. Saifur, 2020. "Viability of pressure-retarded osmosis for harvesting energy from salinity gradients," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 131(C).
    7. Wan, Chun Feng & Chung, Tai-Shung, 2018. "Techno-economic evaluation of various RO+PRO and RO+FO integrated processes," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 1038-1050.
    8. He, Wei & Wang, Yang & Elyasigomari, Vahid & Shaheed, Mohammad Hasan, 2016. "Evaluation of the detrimental effects in osmotic power assisted reverse osmosis (RO) desalination," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 608-619.
    9. Touati, Khaled & Usman, Haamid Sani & Mulligan, Catherine N. & Rahaman, Md. Saifur, 2020. "Energetic and economic feasibility of a combined membrane-based process for sustainable water and energy systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 264(C).
    10. He, Wei & Wang, Yang & Shaheed, Mohammad Hasan, 2015. "Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of a scale-up pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) osmotic power plant," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 158(C), pages 584-596.
    11. Wan, Chun Feng & Chung, Tai-Shung, 2016. "Energy recovery by pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) in SWRO–PRO integrated processes," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 687-698.
    12. Xu, Jiacheng & Liang, Yingzong & Luo, Xianglong & Chen, Jianyong & Yang, Zhi & Chen, Ying, 2023. "Towards cost-effective osmotic power harnessing: Mass exchanger network synthesis for multi-stream pressure-retarded osmosis systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 330(PA).
    13. Sung Ho Chae & Young Mi Kim & Hosik Park & Jangwon Seo & Seung Ji Lim & Joon Ha Kim, 2019. "Modeling and Simulation Studies Analyzing the Pressure-Retarded Osmosis (PRO) and PRO-Hybridized Processes," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-38, January.
    14. Wan, Chun Feng & Chung, Tai-Shung, 2016. "Maximize the operating profit of a SWRO-PRO integrated process for optimal water production and energy recovery," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 304-313.
    15. Wang, Yu & Luo, Shirui & Guo, Jiaji & Liu, Ming & Wang, Jinshi & Yan, Junjie & Luo, Tengfei, 2020. "LIS-PRO: A new concept of power generation from low temperature heat using liquid-phase ion-stripping-induced salinity gradient," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 200(C).
    16. Tamburini, A. & Tedesco, M. & Cipollina, A. & Micale, G. & Ciofalo, M. & Papapetrou, M. & Van Baak, W. & Piacentino, A., 2017. "Reverse electrodialysis heat engine for sustainable power production," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C), pages 1334-1353.
    17. Touati, Khaled & Tadeo, Fernando & Elfil, Hamza, 2017. "Osmotic energy recovery from Reverse Osmosis using two-stage Pressure Retarded Osmosis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 213-224.
    18. Yang, Rui & Meir, Avishai & Ramon, Guy Z., 2020. "Theoretical performance characteristics of a travelling-wave phase-change thermoacoustic engine for low-grade heat recovery," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 261(C).
    19. Long, Rui & Lai, Xiaotian & Liu, Zhichun & Liu, Wei, 2019. "Pressure retarded osmosis: Operating in a compromise between power density and energy efficiency," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 172(C), pages 592-598.
    20. Kim, Jungbin & Park, Kiho & Yang, Dae Ryook & Hong, Seungkwan, 2019. "A comprehensive review of energy consumption of seawater reverse osmosis desalination plants," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:159:y:2022:i:c:s1364032122001150. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/600126/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.