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Risk analysis of High-Temperature Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage (HT-ATES)

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  • Fleuchaus, Paul
  • Schüppler, Simon
  • Bloemendal, Martin
  • Guglielmetti, Luca
  • Opel, Oliver
  • Blum, Philipp

Abstract

The storage of heat in aquifers, also referred to as Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage (ATES), bears a high potential to bridge the seasonal gap between periods of highest thermal energy demand and supply. With storage temperatures higher than 50 °C, High-Temperature (HT) ATES is capable to facilitate the integration of (non-)renewable heat sources into complex energy systems. While the complexity of ATES technology is positively correlated to the required storage temperature, HT-ATES faces multidisciplinary challenges and risks impeding a rapid market uptake worldwide. Therefore, the aim of this study is to provide an overview and analysis of these risks of HT-ATES to facilitate global technology adoption. Risk are identified considering experiences of past HT-ATES projects and analyzed by ATES and geothermal energy experts. An online survey among 38 international experts revealed that technical risks are expected to be less critical than legal, social and organizational risks. This is confirmed by the lessons learned from past HT-ATES projects, where high heat recovery values were achieved, and technical feasibility was demonstrated. Although HT-ATES is less flexible than competing technologies such as pits or buffer tanks, the main problems encountered are attributed to a loss of the heat source and fluctuating or decreasing heating demands. Considering that a HT-ATES system has a lifetime of more than 30 years, it is crucial to develop energy concepts which take into account the conditions both for heat sources and heat sinks. Finally, a site-specific risk analysis for HT-ATES in the city of Hamburg revealed that some risks strongly depend on local boundary conditions. A project-specific risk management is therefore indispensable and should be addressed in future research and project developments.

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  • Fleuchaus, Paul & Schüppler, Simon & Bloemendal, Martin & Guglielmetti, Luca & Opel, Oliver & Blum, Philipp, 2020. "Risk analysis of High-Temperature Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage (HT-ATES)," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 133(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:133:y:2020:i:c:s1364032120304445
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2020.110153
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Daniilidis, Alexandros & Mindel, Julian E. & De Oliveira Filho, Fleury & Guglielmetti, Luca, 2022. "Techno-economic assessment and operational CO2 emissions of High-Temperature Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage (HT-ATES) using demand-driven and subsurface-constrained dimensioning," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 249(C).
    3. Els van der Roest & Stijn Beernink & Niels Hartog & Jan Peter van der Hoek & Martin Bloemendal, 2021. "Towards Sustainable Heat Supply with Decentralized Multi-Energy Systems by Integration of Subsurface Seasonal Heat Storage," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-31, November.
    4. Romanov, D. & Leiss, B., 2022. "Geothermal energy at different depths for district heating and cooling of existing and future building stock," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
    5. Jin, Wencheng & Atkinson, Trevor A. & Doughty, Christine & Neupane, Ghanashyam & Spycher, Nicolas & McLing, Travis L. & Dobson, Patrick F. & Smith, Robert & Podgorney, Robert, 2022. "Machine-learning-assisted high-temperature reservoir thermal energy storage optimization," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 197(C), pages 384-397.
    6. Jonathan Banks & Spencer Poulette & Jens Grimmer & Florian Bauer & Eva Schill, 2021. "Geochemical Changes Associated with High-Temperature Heat Storage at Intermediate Depth: Thermodynamic Equilibrium Models for the DeepStor Site in the Upper Rhine Graben, Germany," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-23, September.

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