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Fast frequency control ancillary services: An international review

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  • Fernández-Muñoz, Daniel
  • Pérez-Díaz, Juan I.
  • Guisández, Ignacio
  • Chazarra, Manuel
  • Fernández-Espina, Álvaro

Abstract

This paper describes the frequency control ancillary services (FCAS) that value the response speed of the frequency control resources and/or can only be provided, without curtailing available renewable energy, by inverter-coupled generation or storage technologies, which have, to date, been implemented or proposed all over the world. These services are referred to in the paper as fast frequency control ancillary services (FFCAS). The paper describes, among others, the following characteristics of the identified FFCAS: maximum response time, minimum time during which the response must be sustained, markets (if any) in which the agents can/must submit bids to provide the service, characteristics of the offers, whether the service is remunerated for the reserved capacity and/or the energy delivered, whether or not the service payment is performance-based, formulas used to determine the service payment, whether or not there exists a specific regulation signal for fast-acting resources, evolution of the service price. In addition, the paper describes a few FCAS which, though cannot be strictly speaking considered FFCAS, have a particularly demanding response time requirement.

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  • Fernández-Muñoz, Daniel & Pérez-Díaz, Juan I. & Guisández, Ignacio & Chazarra, Manuel & Fernández-Espina, Álvaro, 2020. "Fast frequency control ancillary services: An international review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 120(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:120:y:2020:i:c:s1364032119308676
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2019.109662
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    2. Rancilio, G. & Rossi, A. & Falabretti, D. & Galliani, A. & Merlo, M., 2022. "Ancillary services markets in europe: Evolution and regulatory trade-offs," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
    3. Shin, Wooyoung & Lee, Choongman & Chung, In-Young & Lim, Jingon & Youn, Juyoung & Rhie, Younghoon & Hur, Kyeon & Shim, Jae Woong, 2022. "Reserve replacement from governor to energy storage system on conventional generator for operating-cost reduction," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 324(C).
    4. Kumar, T. Bharath & Singh, Anoop, 2021. "Ancillary services in the Indian power sector – A look at recent developments and prospects," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
    5. Li, Longxi & Cao, Xilin, 2022. "Comprehensive effectiveness assessment of energy storage incentive mechanisms for PV-ESS projects based on compound real options," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PA).
    6. Abdul Mannan Rauf & Mohamed Abdel-Monem & Thomas Geury & Omar Hegazy, 2023. "A Review on Multilevel Converters for Efficient Integration of Battery Systems in Stationary Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(10), pages 1-38, May.
    7. Prakash, Abhijith & Bruce, Anna & MacGill, Iain, 2022. "Insights on designing effective and efficient frequency control arrangements from the Australian National Electricity Market," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).
    8. Agostini, Claudio A. & Armijo, Franco A. & Silva, Carlos & Nasirov, Shahriyar, 2021. "The role of frequency regulation remuneration schemes in an energy matrix with high penetration of renewable energy," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 171(C), pages 1097-1114.

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