IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/renene/v99y2016icp1235-1243.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Post-functionalization of polymeric mesoporous C@Zn core–shell spheres used for methyl ester production

Author

Listed:
  • Soltani, Soroush
  • Rashid, Umer
  • Yunus, Robiah
  • Taufiq-Yap, Yun Hin
  • Al-Resayes, Saud Ibrahim

Abstract

In the present study, the mesoporous carbon@zinc (C@Zn) core-shell spheres were hydrothermally synthesized, using polyethylene glycol (PEG) as the surfactant and d-glucose as the pore forming agent. Then, the post-sulfonation treatment was carried out to prepare polymeric mesoporous SO3H-ZnO catalyst. The physicochemical, structural, textural and morphological properties of the synthesized catalysts were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), surface area analysis (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller equation), temperature programed desorption (TPD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The polymeric mesoporous SO3H-ZnO catalyst owned a high surface area of 396.56 m2/g with the average pore size of 3.45 nm and acid strength of 1.92 ± 0.05 mmol/g. The catalytic activity of the synthesized catalyst was further studied via esterification of the palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD), using a microwave-assisted technique. The biodiesel yield of 91.20% was achieved under the optimized esterification conditions as follows: the methanol to PFAD molar ratio of 9:1, catalyst concentration of 1.5 wt%, reaction temperature of 90 °C and reaction time of 15 min. The spent mesoporous catalyst was highly stable for reuse with nine continuous runs without further treatment.

Suggested Citation

  • Soltani, Soroush & Rashid, Umer & Yunus, Robiah & Taufiq-Yap, Yun Hin & Al-Resayes, Saud Ibrahim, 2016. "Post-functionalization of polymeric mesoporous C@Zn core–shell spheres used for methyl ester production," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 1235-1243.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:99:y:2016:i:c:p:1235-1243
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2016.08.025
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960148116307261
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.renene.2016.08.025?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Konwar, Lakhya Jyoti & Boro, Jutika & Deka, Dhanapati, 2014. "Review on latest developments in biodiesel production using carbon-based catalysts," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 546-564.
    2. Lokman, Ibrahim M. & Rashid, Umer & Taufiq-Yap, Yun Hin & Yunus, Robiah, 2015. "Methyl ester production from palm fatty acid distillate using sulfonated glucose-derived acid catalyst," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 347-354.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Tooba Touqeer & Muhammad Waseem Mumtaz & Hamid Mukhtar & Ahmad Irfan & Sadia Akram & Aroosh Shabbir & Umer Rashid & Imededdine Arbi Nehdi & Thomas Shean Yaw Choong, 2019. "Fe 3 O 4 -PDA-Lipase as Surface Functionalized Nano Biocatalyst for the Production of Biodiesel Using Waste Cooking Oil as Feedstock: Characterization and Process Optimization," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-19, December.
    2. Soltani, Soroush & Khanian, Nasrin & Rashid, Umer & Choong, Thomas Shean Yaw, 2020. "Core-shell ZnO-TiO2 hollow spheres synthesized by in-situ hydrothermal method for ester production application," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 1076-1081.
    3. Soltani, Soroush & Roodbar Shojaei, Taha & Khanian, Nasrin & Shean Yaw Choong, Thomas & Asim, Nilofar & Zhao, Yue, 2022. "Artificial neural network method modeling of microwave-assisted esterification of PFAD over mesoporous TiO2‒ZnO catalyst," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 187(C), pages 760-773.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Ahmad Farid, Mohammed Abdillah & Hassan, Mohd Ali & Taufiq-Yap, Yun Hin & Ibrahim, Mohd Lokman & Othman, Mohd Ridzuan & Ali, Ahmad Amiruddin Mohd & Shirai, Yoshihito, 2017. "Production of methyl esters from waste cooking oil using a heterogeneous biomass-based catalyst," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 114(PB), pages 638-643.
    2. Mendaros, Czarina M. & Go, Alchris W. & Nietes, Winston Jose T. & Gollem, Babe Eden Joy O. & Cabatingan, Luis K., 2020. "Direct sulfonation of cacao shell to synthesize a solid acid catalyst for the esterification of oleic acid with methanol," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 152(C), pages 320-330.
    3. Yang, Jinfan & Ao, Zhifeng & Wu, Hao & Zhang, Sufeng & Chi, Concong & Hou, Chen & Qian, Liwei, 2020. "Waste paper-derived magnetic carbon composite: A novel eco-friendly solid acid for the synthesis of n-butyl levulinate from furfuryl alcohol," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 477-483.
    4. Gualberto Zavarize, Danilo & Braun, Heder & Diniz de Oliveira, Jorge, 2021. "Methanolysis of low-FFA waste cooking oil with novel carbon-based heterogeneous acid catalyst derived from Amazon açaí berry seeds," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 171(C), pages 621-634.
    5. Yang, Haiping & Chen, Zhiqun & Chen, Wei & Chen, Yingquan & Wang, Xianhua & Chen, Hanping, 2020. "Role of porous structure and active O-containing groups of activated biochar catalyst during biomass catalytic pyrolysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 210(C).
    6. Alagu, Karthikeyan & Venu, Harish & Jayaraman, Jayaprabakar & Raju, V. Dhana & Subramani, Lingesan & Appavu, Prabhu & S, Dhanasekar, 2019. "Novel water hyacinth biodiesel as a potential alternative fuel for existing unmodified diesel engine: Performance, combustion and emission characteristics," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 295-305.
    7. Pan, Hu & Liu, Xiaofang & Zhang, Heng & Yang, Kaili & Huang, Shan & Yang, Song, 2017. "Multi-SO3H functionalized mesoporous polymeric acid catalyst for biodiesel production and fructose-to-biodiesel additive conversion," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 245-252.
    8. Venu, Harish & Raju, V. Dhana & Subramani, Lingesan & Appavu, Prabhu, 2020. "Experimental assessment on the regulated and unregulated emissions of DI diesel engine fuelled with Chlorella emersonii methyl ester (CEME)," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 88-102.
    9. Roy, Murari Mohon & Calder, Jorge & Wang, Wilson & Mangad, Arvind & Diniz, Fernando Cezar Mariano, 2016. "Cold start idle emissions from a modern Tier-4 turbo-charged diesel engine fueled with diesel-biodiesel, diesel-biodiesel-ethanol, and diesel-biodiesel-diethyl ether blends," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 180(C), pages 52-65.
    10. Buentello-Montoya, D.A. & Zhang, X. & Li, J., 2019. "The use of gasification solid products as catalysts for tar reforming," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 399-412.
    11. di Bitonto, Luigi & Reynel-Ávila, Hilda Elizabeth & Mendoza-Castillo, Didilia Ileana & Bonilla-Petriciolet, Adrián & Durán-Valle, Carlos J. & Pastore, Carlo, 2020. "Synthesis and characterization of nanostructured calcium oxides supported onto biochar and their application as catalysts for biodiesel production," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 52-66.
    12. Mardhiah, H. Haziratul & Ong, Hwai Chyuan & Masjuki, H.H. & Lim, Steven & Lee, H.V., 2017. "A review on latest developments and future prospects of heterogeneous catalyst in biodiesel production from non-edible oils," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 1225-1236.
    13. Syazwani, Osman Nur & Rashid, Umer & Mastuli, Mohd Sufri & Taufiq-Yap, Yun Hin, 2019. "Esterification of palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) to biodiesel using Bi-functional catalyst synthesized from waste angel wing shell (Cyrtopleura costata)," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 131(C), pages 187-196.
    14. Fazril Ideris & Mohd Faiz Muaz Ahmad Zamri & Abd Halim Shamsuddin & Saifuddin Nomanbhay & Fitranto Kusumo & Islam Md Rizwanul Fattah & Teuku Meurah Indra Mahlia, 2022. "Progress on Conventional and Advanced Techniques of In Situ Transesterification of Microalgae Lipids for Biodiesel Production," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-32, September.
    15. Bora, Akash Pratim & Dhawane, Sumit H. & Anupam, Kumar & Halder, Gopinath, 2018. "Biodiesel synthesis from Mesua ferrea oil using waste shell derived carbon catalyst," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 121(C), pages 195-204.
    16. Abdullah, Sharifah Hanis Yasmin Sayid & Hanapi, Nur Hanis Mohamad & Azid, Azman & Umar, Roslan & Juahir, Hafizan & Khatoon, Helena & Endut, Azizah, 2017. "A review of biomass-derived heterogeneous catalyst for a sustainable biodiesel production," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 1040-1051.
    17. Sandouqa, Arwa & Al-Hamamre, Zayed & Asfar, Jamil, 2019. "Preparation and performance investigation of a lignin-based solid acid catalyst manufactured from olive cake for biodiesel production," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 667-682.
    18. Nafees Ur Rehman & Jan Nisar & Ghulam Ali & Ali Ahmad & Afzal Shah & Zahoor H. Farooqi & Faisal Muhammad, 2023. "Production of Bio-Oil from Thermo-Catalytic Decomposition of Pomegranate Peels over a Sulfonated Tea Waste Heterogeneous Catalyst: A Kinetic Investigation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-17, February.
    19. Zhang, Jianan & Wang, Yuesen & Muldoon, Valerie L. & Deng, Sili, 2022. "Crude glycerol and glycerol as fuels and fuel additives in combustion applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 159(C).
    20. Leesing, Ratanaporn & Siwina, Siraprapha & Ngernyen, Yuvarat & Fiala, Khanittha, 2022. "Innovative approach for co-production of single cell oil (SCO), novel carbon-based solid acid catalyst and SCO-based biodiesel from fallen Dipterocarpus alatus leaves," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(C), pages 47-60.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:99:y:2016:i:c:p:1235-1243. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/renewable-energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.