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Study of the simultaneous effects of secondary flow and sediment erosion in Francis turbines

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  • Chitrakar, Sailesh
  • Neopane, Hari Prasad
  • Dahlhaug, Ole Gunnar

Abstract

Sediment erosion of the hydropower turbine components is one of the key challenges due to the constituent of hard particles in the rivers of Himalayas and Andes. In the case of Francis turbines, previous studies show that the erosion is mostly observed around stay vanes, guide vanes and runner blades. Depending upon the type of flow phenomena in particular regions and operating conditions, the sediment particles having certain geometric and material properties create distinct erosion patterns on those regions. The flow phenomena in Francis turbines are highly unsteady, especially around guide vanes and runner. The unsteadiness arises in the form of leakage through clearance gap, horseshoe vortex, rotor-stator-interaction and turbulences supported by high velocity and acceleration. The erosion on the other hand deteriorates the surface morphology, aggravating the flow. Based on a thorough literature survey, this paper explains the simultaneous nature of the two effects, which in combined, contributes to more losses, vibrations, fatigue problems and failure of the turbine. It also discusses some of the research endeavors to minimize the combined effect by controlling either the erosion or the secondary flow in the turbine. This review paper emphasizes the need of understanding the relationship between the two phenomena and techniques of how the combined effect can be predicted as well as minimized.

Suggested Citation

  • Chitrakar, Sailesh & Neopane, Hari Prasad & Dahlhaug, Ole Gunnar, 2016. "Study of the simultaneous effects of secondary flow and sediment erosion in Francis turbines," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 881-891.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:97:y:2016:i:c:p:881-891
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2016.06.007
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Thapa, Biraj Singh & Thapa, Bhola & Dahlhaug, Ole G., 2012. "Empirical modelling of sediment erosion in Francis turbines," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 41(1), pages 386-391.
    2. Darmawi, & Sipahutar, Riman & Bernas, Siti Masreah & Imanuddin, Momon Sodik, 2013. "Renewable energy and hydropower utilization tendency worldwide," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 17(C), pages 213-215.
    3. KC, Anup & Thapa, Bhola & Lee, Young-Ho, 2014. "Transient numerical analysis of rotor–stator interaction in a Francis turbine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 227-235.
    4. Kumar, Pardeep & Saini, R.P., 2010. "Study of cavitation in hydro turbines--A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 14(1), pages 374-383, January.
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    1. Chitrakar, Sailesh & Solemslie, Bjørn Winther & Neopane, Hari Prasad & Dahlhaug, Ole Gunnar, 2020. "Review on numerical techniques applied in impulse hydro turbines," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 843-859.
    2. Chen, Zhenmu & Jiang, Zhenyu & Chen, Shuai & Zhang, Wenwu & Zhu, Baoshan, 2023. "Experimental and numerical study on flow instability of pump-turbine under runaway conditions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 210(C), pages 335-345.
    3. Goyal, Rahul & Gandhi, Bhupendra K., 2018. "Review of hydrodynamics instabilities in Francis turbine during off-design and transient operations," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 116(PA), pages 697-709.
    4. Li, Huanhuan & Xu, Beibei & Riasi, Alireza & Szulc, Przemyslaw & Chen, Diyi & M'zoughi, Fares & Skjelbred, Hans Ivar & Kong, Jiehong & Tazraei, Pedram, 2019. "Performance evaluation in enabling safety for a hydropower generation system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 143(C), pages 1628-1642.
    5. Thapa, Biraj Singh & Dahlhaug, Ole Gunnar & Thapa, Bhola, 2017. "Sediment erosion induced leakage flow from guide vane clearance gap in a low specific speed Francis turbine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 253-261.
    6. Leguizamón, Sebastián & Alimirzazadeh, Siamak & Jahanbakhsh, Ebrahim & Avellan, François, 2020. "Multiscale simulation of erosive wear in a prototype-scale Pelton runner," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 204-215.
    7. Yexiang Xiao & Bao Guo & Soo-Hwang Ahn & Yongyao Luo & Zhengwei Wang & Guangtai Shi & Yanhao Li, 2019. "Slurry Flow and Erosion Prediction in a Centrifugal Pump after Long-Term Operation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-17, April.
    8. Álvaro Ospina & Ever Herrera Ríos & Jaime Jaramillo & Camilo A. Franco & Esteban A. Taborda & Farid B. Cortes, 2025. "Integrating Dimensional Analysis and Machine Learning for Predictive Maintenance of Francis Turbines in Sediment-Laden Flow," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(15), pages 1-14, July.
    9. Adnan Aslam Noon & Man-Hoe Kim, 2021. "Sediment and Cavitation Erosion in Francis Turbines—Review of Latest Experimental and Numerical Techniques," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-19, March.
    10. Nirmal Acharya & Saroj Gautam & Sailesh Chitrakar & Igor Iliev & Ole Gunnar Dahlhaug, 2024. "Correlating Sediment Erosion in Rotary–Stationary Gaps of Francis Turbines with Complex Flow Patterns," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(23), pages 1-24, November.

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