IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/energy/v263y2023ipas0360544222025579.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Transient analysis of a hydropower plant with a super-long headrace tunnel during load acceptance: Instability mechanism and measurement verification

Author

Listed:
  • Hu, Jinhong
  • Yang, Jiebin
  • He, Xianghui
  • Zhao, Zhigao
  • Yang, Jiandong

Abstract

The current development trend of China's hydropower is moving toward ultra-high heads, complex geological scenarios, ultra-large capacities, and the Tibetan region. The construction of hydropower stations with super-long headrace tunnels is conducive to overcoming the constraints of complex geological conditions and making full use of hydropower resources. However, these stations have unique technical problems that limit their commercial development, including pressure fluctuations during load rejection and the operational stability of the power-frequency regulation. In this study, a potential problem in hydropower stations with super-long headrace tunnels, the instability during load acceptance, is studied by combining prototype experiments with 1D transient numerical simulations. First, according to a test case using a prototype hydropower station, the instability phenomenon occurring during a simultaneous load acceptance of two Francis turbines in a hydropower station with a 20-km headrace tunnel is described. Next, using 1D steady-state and transient simulations, the factors leading to the instability are analyzed in detail. Finally, countermeasures for the safe operation of hydropower stations are proposed based on numerical simulations and supplementary prototype experiments. Hydropower stations with super-long headrace tunnels exhibit a characteristic where the net head decreases sharply with an increase in the flow rate. Therefore, prior to load acceptance, the maximum output achievable by the multiple units under the operating net head has to be carefully determined to avoid over-adjustment of the guide vane opening and detrimental phenomena such as operational instability and extremely low pressure in the draft tube.

Suggested Citation

  • Hu, Jinhong & Yang, Jiebin & He, Xianghui & Zhao, Zhigao & Yang, Jiandong, 2023. "Transient analysis of a hydropower plant with a super-long headrace tunnel during load acceptance: Instability mechanism and measurement verification," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PA).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:263:y:2023:i:pa:s0360544222025579
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2022.125671
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544222025579
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.energy.2022.125671?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jiandong Yang & Mingjiang Wang & Chao Wang & Wencheng Guo, 2015. "Linear Modeling and Regulation Quality Analysis for Hydro-Turbine Governing System with an Open Tailrace Channel," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(10), pages 1-16, October.
    2. Li, Chaoshun & Mao, Yifeng & Yang, Jiandong & Wang, Zanbin & Xu, Yanhe, 2017. "A nonlinear generalized predictive control for pumped storage unit," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 114(PB), pages 945-959.
    3. Zhao, Zhigao & Yang, Jiandong & Chung, C.Y. & Yang, Weijia & He, Xianghui & Chen, Man, 2021. "Performance enhancement of pumped storage units for system frequency support based on a novel small signal model," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 234(C).
    4. Guo, Wencheng & Yang, Jiandong, 2018. "Modeling and dynamic response control for primary frequency regulation of hydro-turbine governing system with surge tank," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 121(C), pages 173-187.
    5. Weijia Yang & Jiandong Yang & Wencheng Guo & Wei Zeng & Chao Wang & Linn Saarinen & Per Norrlund, 2015. "A Mathematical Model and Its Application for Hydro Power Units under Different Operating Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(9), pages 1-16, September.
    6. Peng, Zhiyuan & Guo, Wencheng, 2019. "Saturation characteristics for stability of hydro-turbine governing system with surge tank," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 131(C), pages 318-332.
    7. Wencheng Guo & Jiandong Yang & Jieping Chen & Yi Teng, 2014. "Effect Mechanism of Penstock on Stability and Regulation Quality of Turbine Regulating System," Mathematical Problems in Engineering, Hindawi, vol. 2014, pages 1-13, November.
    8. Darmawi, & Sipahutar, Riman & Bernas, Siti Masreah & Imanuddin, Momon Sodik, 2013. "Renewable energy and hydropower utilization tendency worldwide," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 17(C), pages 213-215.
    9. Ruppert, Leopold & Schürhuber, Robert & List, Bernhard & Lechner, Alois & Bauer, Christian, 2017. "An analysis of different pumped storage schemes from a technological and economic perspective," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 368-379.
    10. Yu, Xiaodong & Zhang, Jian & Fan, Chengyu & Chen, Sheng, 2016. "Stability analysis of governor-turbine-hydraulic system by state space method and graph theory," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 613-622.
    11. Zhao, Zhigao & Yang, Jiandong & Huang, Yifan & Yang, Weijia & Ma, Weichao & Hou, Liangyu & Chen, Man, 2021. "Improvement of regulation quality for hydro-dominated power system: quantifying oscillation characteristic and multi-objective optimization," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 606-631.
    12. Guo, Wencheng & Yang, Jiandong & Teng, Yi, 2017. "Surge wave characteristics for hydropower station with upstream series double surge tanks in load rejection transient," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 488-501.
    13. Guo, Wencheng & Yang, Jiandong, 2018. "Dynamic performance analysis of hydro-turbine governing system considering combined effect of downstream surge tank and sloping ceiling tailrace tunnel," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 129(PA), pages 638-651.
    14. Li, Huanhuan & Chen, Diyi & Zhang, Hao & Wu, Changzhi & Wang, Xiangyu, 2017. "Hamiltonian analysis of a hydro-energy generation system in the transient of sudden load increasing," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(P1), pages 244-253.
    15. Martínez-Lucas, Guillermo & Sarasúa, José Ignacio & Sánchez-Fernández, José Ángel & Wilhelmi, José Román, 2015. "Power-frequency control of hydropower plants with long penstocks in isolated systems with wind generation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 245-255.
    16. Martínez-Lucas, Guillermo & Sarasúa, José Ignacio & Sánchez-Fernández, José Ángel & Wilhelmi, José Román, 2016. "Frequency control support of a wind-solar isolated system by a hydropower plant with long tail-race tunnel," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 90(C), pages 362-376.
    17. Ming, Bo & Liu, Pan & Guo, Shenglian & Cheng, Lei & Zhou, Yanlai & Gao, Shida & Li, He, 2018. "Robust hydroelectric unit commitment considering integration of large-scale photovoltaic power: A case study in China," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C), pages 1341-1352.
    18. M.A. Kashem & G. Ledwich, 2005. "Anti-islanding protection and islanding operation of grid-connected hydropower distributed generation," International Journal of Global Energy Issues, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 24(1/2), pages 76-85.
    19. Wencheng Guo & Daoyi Zhu, 2018. "A Review of the Transient Process and Control for a Hydropower Station with a Super Long Headrace Tunnel," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-27, November.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Yi Liu & Xiaodong Yu & Xinlei Guo & Wenlong Zhao & Sheng Chen, 2023. "Operational Stability of Hydropower Plant with Upstream and Downstream Surge Chambers during Small Load Disturbance," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(11), pages 1-13, June.
    2. Ma, Weichao & Zhao, Zhigao & Yang, Jiebin & Lai, Xu & Liu, Chengpeng & Yang, Jiandong, 2024. "A transient analysis framework for hydropower generating systems under parameter uncertainty by integrating physics-based and data-driven models," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 297(C).
    3. Yan, Jingjing & Zhang, Huan & Wang, Yaran & Zhu, Zhaozhe & Bai, He & Li, Qicheng & You, Shijun, 2024. "Pump-stopping-induced hydraulic oscillations in long-distance district heating system: Modelling and a comprehensive analysis of critical factors," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 294(C).
    4. Zhang, Jian & Qiu, Weixin & Wang, Qinyi & Yao, Tianyu & Hu, Chao & Liu, Yi, 2024. "Extreme water level of surge chamber in hydropower plant under combined operating conditions," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 178(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Wencheng Guo & Daoyi Zhu, 2018. "A Review of the Transient Process and Control for a Hydropower Station with a Super Long Headrace Tunnel," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-27, November.
    2. Ma, Weichao & Yan, Wenjie & Yang, Jiebin & He, Xianghui & Yang, Jiandong & Yang, Weijia, 2022. "Experimental and numerical investigation on head losses of a complex throttled surge tank for refined hydropower plant simulation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 186(C), pages 264-279.
    3. Wencheng Guo, 2019. "A Review of the Hydraulic Transient and Dynamic Behavior of Hydropower Plants with Sloping Ceiling Tailrace Tunnels," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(17), pages 1-28, August.
    4. Liu, Yang & Guo, Wencheng, 2021. "Multi-frequency dynamic performance of hydropower plant under coupling effect of power grid and turbine regulating system with surge tank," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 171(C), pages 557-581.
    5. Zhang, Nan & Feng, Chen & Shan, Yahui & Sun, Na & Xue, Xiaoming & Shi, Liping, 2023. "A universal stability quantification method for grid-connected hydropower plant considering FOPI controller and complex nonlinear characteristics based on improved GWO," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 211(C), pages 874-894.
    6. Guo, Wencheng & Peng, Zhiyuan, 2019. "Hydropower system operation stability considering the coupling effect of water potential energy in surge tank and power grid," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 846-861.
    7. Wencheng Guo & Yang Liu & Fangle Qu & Xinyu Xu, 2020. "A Review of Critical Stable Sectional Areas for the Surge Tanks of Hydropower Stations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-25, December.
    8. Yu, Xiaodong & Yang, Xiuwei & Zhang, Jian, 2019. "Stability analysis of hydro-turbine governing system including surge tanks under interconnected operation during small load disturbance," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 133(C), pages 1426-1435.
    9. Yang, Weijia & Norrlund, Per & Chung, Chi Yung & Yang, Jiandong & Lundin, Urban, 2018. "Eigen-analysis of hydraulic-mechanical-electrical coupling mechanism for small signal stability of hydropower plant," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 1014-1025.
    10. Yang, Weijia & Norrlund, Per & Bladh, Johan & Yang, Jiandong & Lundin, Urban, 2018. "Hydraulic damping mechanism of low frequency oscillations in power systems: Quantitative analysis using a nonlinear model of hydropower plants," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 1138-1152.
    11. Yuqiang Tian & Bin Wang & Diyi Chen & Shaokun Wang & Peng Chen & Ying Yang, 2019. "Design of a Nonlinear Predictive Controller for a Fractional-Order Hydraulic Turbine Governing System with Mechanical Time Delay," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(24), pages 1-16, December.
    12. Liu, Yi & Zhang, Jian & Liu, Zhe & Chen, Long & Yu, Xiaodong, 2022. "Surge wave characteristics for hydropower plant with upstream double surge tanks connected in series under small load disturbance," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 186(C), pages 667-676.
    13. Xinran Guo & Yuanchu Cheng & Jiada Wei & Yitian Luo, 2021. "Stability Analysis of Different Regulation Modes of Hydropower Units," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-19, March.
    14. Li, Huanhuan & Chen, Diyi & Arzaghi, Ehsan & Abbassi, Rouzbeh & Xu, Beibei & Patelli, Edoardo & Tolo, Silvia, 2018. "Safety assessment of hydro-generating units using experiments and grey-entropy correlation analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(PA), pages 222-234.
    15. Liu, Dong & Li, Chaoshun & Tan, Xiaoqiang & Lu, Xueding & Malik, O.P., 2021. "Damping characteristics analysis of hydropower units under full operating conditions and control parameters: Accurate quantitative evaluation based on refined models," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 292(C).
    16. Guo, Wencheng & Zhu, Daoyi, 2020. "Setting condition of downstream surge tank of hydropower station with sloping ceiling tailrace tunnel," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
    17. Xu, Beibei & Zhang, Jingjing & Egusquiza, Mònica & Chen, Diyi & Li, Feng & Behrens, Paul & Egusquiza, Eduard, 2021. "A review of dynamic models and stability analysis for a hydro-turbine governing system," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
    18. Zhu, Daoyi & Guo, Wencheng, 2019. "Critical sectional area of surge chamber considering nonlinearity of head loss of diversion tunnel and steady output of turbine," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 127(C), pages 165-172.
    19. Nan Zhang & Xiaoming Xue & Na Sun & Yanhui Gu & Wei Jiang & Chaoshun Li, 2022. "Nonlinear Modeling and Stability of a Doubly-Fed Variable Speed Pumped Storage Power Station with Surge Tank Considering Nonlinear Pump Turbine Characteristics," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-24, June.
    20. Yu, Xiaodong & Yang, Xiuwei & Yu, Chao & Zhang, Jian & Tian, Yuan, 2021. "Direct approach to optimize PID controller parameters of hydropower plants," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 173(C), pages 342-350.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:263:y:2023:i:pa:s0360544222025579. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.