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Investigation of steady and unsteady cavitating flows through a small Francis turbine

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  • Laouari, Ahmed
  • Ghenaiet, Adel

Abstract

The evaluation of cavitation characteristics is one of the most significant tasks whilst properly designing a water turbine. This work investigates the steady and unsteady cavitating flows through a small Francis turbine, based on the two-phase mixture model. Detailed flow field analysis with and without cavitation is performed for three operating regimes namely the Best Efficiency Point (BEP), part-load (OP1), and over-load (OP2). The effect of reducing the cavitation number on the hydraulic performance is assessed, and the range of safe operation in respect of cavitation-free is revealed. Under specific operating conditions the structure of cavitation in the runner and the evolution of the vortex rope in the draft cone are shown. The part-load operation gives rise to undesired phenomena of pressure pulsations due to the vortex rope generated at the runner outlet. Moreover, the pressure fluctuations and the torque oscillation seem to be more pronounced at part-load and over-load operating conditions. The obtained results are encouraging and may help in designing and testing the small Francis turbines which behave differently compared with the large-scale models.

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  • Laouari, Ahmed & Ghenaiet, Adel, 2021. "Investigation of steady and unsteady cavitating flows through a small Francis turbine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 172(C), pages 841-861.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:172:y:2021:i:c:p:841-861
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2021.03.080
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Teran, Leonel Alveyro & Larrahondo, Francisco Jose & Rodríguez, Sara Aida, 2016. "Performance improvement of a 500-kW Francis turbine based on CFD," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 96(PA), pages 977-992.
    2. KC, Anup & Thapa, Bhola & Lee, Young-Ho, 2014. "Transient numerical analysis of rotor–stator interaction in a Francis turbine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 227-235.
    3. Kumar, Pardeep & Saini, R.P., 2010. "Study of cavitation in hydro turbines--A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 14(1), pages 374-383, January.
    4. Trivedi, Chirag & Cervantes, Michel J., 2017. "Fluid-structure interactions in Francis turbines: A perspective review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 68(P1), pages 87-101.
    5. Aponte, R.D. & Teran, L.A. & Grande, J.F. & Coronado, J.J. & Ladino, J.A. & Larrahondo, F.J. & Rodríguez, S.A., 2020. "Minimizing erosive wear through a CFD multi-objective optimization methodology for different operating points of a Francis turbine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 2217-2232.
    6. Gohil, Pankaj P. & Saini, R.P., 2015. "Effect of temperature, suction head and flow velocity on cavitation in a Francis turbine of small hydro power plant," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 93(P1), pages 613-624.
    7. Laouari, Ahmed & Ghenaiet, Adel, 2019. "Predicting unsteady behavior of a small francis turbine at several operating points," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 133(C), pages 712-724.
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    Cited by:

    1. Lei Wang & Jiayi Cui & Lingfeng Shu & Denghui Jiang & Chun Xiang & Linwei Li & Peijian Zhou, 2022. "Research on the Vortex Rope Control Techniques in Draft Tube of Francis Turbines," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-27, December.
    2. He, Xianghui & Yang, Jiandong & Yang, Jiebin & Zhao, Zhigao & Hu, Jinhong & Peng, Tao, 2023. "Evolution mechanism of water column separation in pump turbine: Model experiment and occurrence criterion," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 265(C).
    3. Tao Guo & Lihui Xu & Wenquan Wang, 2021. "Influence of Upstream Disturbances on the Vortex Structure of Francis Turbine Based on the Criteria of Identification of Various Vortexes," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-21, November.
    4. Shaonan Sun & Xiaojie Liu & Ruijie Zhang & Chunlu Liu & Ailing Wang, 2023. "Numerical Simulation and Analysis of Hydraulic Turbines Based on BIM for Sustainable Development," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-16, November.

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