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Sediment erosion in hydro turbines and its effect on the flow around guide vanes of Francis turbine

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  • Thapa, Biraj Singh
  • Dahlhaug, Ole Gunnar
  • Thapa, Bhola

Abstract

Erosion of material surface due to collision of solid particles has been a challenge to several fields of engineering. Despite of centuries of investigations and research, the exact phenomenon of erosion of surface by the solid particles has not been fully understood. Increasing number of hydropower plants are being built in the regions where rivers are heavily loaded with sediments. This induces material erosion in hydro turbines, leading to change in flow pattern, losses in efficiency, vibrations and even final breakdown of turbine components. To overcome sediment erosion related failures, development of erosion resistant alloys, coatings of the components, and optimization of hydraulic design of the components, are the important practices. In Francis turbines, erosion causes increase of clearance gap between guide vanes and facing plates and cross flow occurs from this increased gap. This cross flow together with other secondary flows disturbs the velocity profile at the runner inlet. Change in velocity profile at the inlet causes additional erosion damage and other undesired effects in the turbine runner. Most of the past studies in Francis turbine were focused to understand the flow phenomenon inside the turbine components and to analyze their effects on design improvements. There is still a need of further fundamental research to understand the effects of sediment erosion of turbine components on the flow phenomenon, and developing better designs of hydro turbines to minimize those effects.

Suggested Citation

  • Thapa, Biraj Singh & Dahlhaug, Ole Gunnar & Thapa, Bhola, 2015. "Sediment erosion in hydro turbines and its effect on the flow around guide vanes of Francis turbine," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 1100-1113.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:49:y:2015:i:c:p:1100-1113
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2015.04.178
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    1. Padhy, Mamata Kumari & Saini, R.P., 2008. "A review on silt erosion in hydro turbines," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 12(7), pages 1974-1987, September.
    2. Thapa, Biraj Singh & Thapa, Bhola & Dahlhaug, Ole G., 2012. "Empirical modelling of sediment erosion in Francis turbines," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 41(1), pages 386-391.
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    5. Thapa, Biraj Singh & Thapa, Bhola & Dahlhaug, Ole Gunnar, 2012. "Current research in hydraulic turbines for handling sediments," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 47(1), pages 62-69.
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    Cited by:

    1. Thapa, Biraj Singh & Dahlhaug, Ole Gunnar & Thapa, Bhola, 2017. "Sediment erosion induced leakage flow from guide vane clearance gap in a low specific speed Francis turbine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 253-261.
    2. Md Rakibuzzaman & Hyoung-Ho Kim & Kyungwuk Kim & Sang-Ho Suh & Kyung Yup Kim, 2019. "Numerical Study of Sediment Erosion Analysis in Francis Turbine," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-18, March.
    3. Zhang, Yuning & Zhang, Yuning & Qian, Zhongdong & Ji, Bin & Wu, Yulin, 2016. "A review of microscopic interactions between cavitation bubbles and particles in silt-laden flow," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 303-318.
    4. Goyal, Rahul & Gandhi, B.K. & Cervantes, Michel J., 2018. "PIV measurements in Francis turbine – A review and application to transient operations," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P2), pages 2976-2991.
    5. Zhu, Di & Tao, Ran & Xiao, Ruofu & Pan, Litan, 2020. "Solving the runner blade crack problem for a Francis hydro-turbine operating under condition-complexity," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 149(C), pages 298-320.
    6. Teran, L.A. & Aponte, R.D. & Muñoz-Cubillos, J. & Roa, C.V. & Coronado, J.J. & Ladino, J.A. & Larrahondo, F.J. & Rodríguez, S.A., 2016. "Analysis of economic impact from erosive wear by hard particles in a run-of-the-river hydroelectric plant," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 1188-1201.
    7. Thapa, Biraj Singh & Dahlhaug, Ole Gunnar & Thapa, Bhola, 2018. "Flow measurements around guide vanes of Francis turbine: A PIV approach," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 126(C), pages 177-188.
    8. Alfredo Guardo & Alfred Fontanals & Mònica Egusquiza & Carme Valero & Eduard Egusquiza, 2021. "Characterization of the Effects of Ingested Bodies on the Rotor–Stator Interaction of Hydraulic Turbines," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-16, October.
    9. Koirala, Ravi & Thapa, Bhola & Neopane, Hari Prasad & Zhu, Baoshan, 2017. "A review on flow and sediment erosion in guide vanes of Francis turbines," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 1054-1065.

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