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Biodiesel production from waste frying oil via NiFe2O4/SiO2 magnetic nanocomposites: Evaluation of diesel engine parameters and statistical optimization

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  • Saberi, Mohammadreza
  • Talesh, S. Siamak Ashraf
  • Maleki, Basir

Abstract

Magnetic nanocatalysts NiFe2O4/SiO2 and NiFe2O4 were synthesized using the sol-gel technique. It's used to generate biodiesel from waste frying oil (WFO) through transesterification. Multiple methods were used to characterize the nanocatalysts, including XRD, BET-BJH, SEM, EDX, VSM, FTIR, and TEM. The spherical shape of the magnetic NiFe2O4/SiO2 nanocatalyst was evident, with an average nanoparticle diameter of 51.6. The impact of different characteristics was explored using response surface methodology and Box-Behnken design (RSM-BBD). The optimal parameters for biodiesel production were achieved with reaction times of 204 min for NiFe2O4 and 228 min for NiFe2O4/SiO2, catalyst concentrations of 2.07 and 2.04 %, and methanol/WFO ratios of 11.5 and 11.58, respectively. Under optimal conditions, the maximum biodiesel production for NiFe2O4 and NiFe2O4/SiO2 nanocatalysts was 95.16 and 97.23 %, respectively. The catalyst's reusability over seven cycles showed an 88.56 % decrease in biodiesel production, indicating the NiFe2O4/SiO2 nanocatalyst's stability. Additionally, the kinetics and thermodynamics of the transesterification process revealed that the reaction is characterized as endothermic and non-spontaneous. 1H NMR and FT-IR spectra confirmed the transesterification process that converts WFO into biodiesel. Incorporating Waste Frying Oil Methyl Ester (WFOME) and NiFe2O4/SiO2 into diesel at various engine loads generated significant improvements in engine performance and reductions in emissions.

Suggested Citation

  • Saberi, Mohammadreza & Talesh, S. Siamak Ashraf & Maleki, Basir, 2025. "Biodiesel production from waste frying oil via NiFe2O4/SiO2 magnetic nanocomposites: Evaluation of diesel engine parameters and statistical optimization," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:254:y:2025:i:c:s0960148125013898
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.123727
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