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Prospects of Catalysis for Process Sustainability of Eco-Green Biodiesel Synthesis via Transesterification: A State-Of-The-Art Review

Author

Listed:
  • Maria Ameen

    (Biofuel Lab, Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 15320, Pakistan)

  • Mushtaq Ahmad

    (Biofuel Lab, Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 15320, Pakistan)

  • Muhammad Zafar

    (Biofuel Lab, Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 15320, Pakistan)

  • Mamoona Munir

    (Biofuel Lab, Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 15320, Pakistan
    Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan)

  • Muhammad Mujtaba Mujtaba

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology (New Campus), Lahore 54890, Pakistan)

  • Shazia Sultana

    (Biofuel Lab, Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 15320, Pakistan)

  • Rozina .

    (Biofuel Lab, Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 15320, Pakistan)

  • Samah Elsayed El-Khatib

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo 11845, Egypt)

  • Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering and University Centre for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, Punjab, India)

  • M. A. Kalam

    (Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia)

Abstract

Environmental pollution caused by conventional petro-diesel initiates at time of crude oil extraction and continues until its consumption. The resulting emission of poisonous gases during the combustion of petroleum-based fuel has worsened the greenhouse effect and global warming. Moreover, exhaustion of finite fossil fuels due to extensive exploitation has made the search for renewable resources indispensable. In light of this, biodiesel is a best possible substitute for the regular petro-diesel as it is eco-friendly, renewable, and economically viable. For effective biodiesel synthesis, the selection of potential feedstock and choice of efficient catalyst is the most important criteria. The main objective of this bibliographical review is to highlight vital role of different catalytic systems acting on variable feedstock and diverse methods for catalysis of biodiesel synthesis reactions. This paper further explores the effects of optimized reaction parameters, modification in chemical compositions, reaction operating parameters, mechanism and methodologies for catalysts preparation, stability enhancement, recovery, and reusability with the maximum optimum activity of catalysts. In future, the development of well-planned incentive structures is necessary for systematic progression of biodiesel process. Besides this, the selection of accessible and amended approaches for synthesis and utilization of specific potential catalysts will ensure the sustainability of eco-green biodiesel.

Suggested Citation

  • Maria Ameen & Mushtaq Ahmad & Muhammad Zafar & Mamoona Munir & Muhammad Mujtaba Mujtaba & Shazia Sultana & Rozina . & Samah Elsayed El-Khatib & Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar & M. A. Kalam, 2022. "Prospects of Catalysis for Process Sustainability of Eco-Green Biodiesel Synthesis via Transesterification: A State-Of-The-Art Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-38, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:12:p:7032-:d:834150
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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