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Network equilibrium of a transportation-power distribution coupled system: A Stackelberg–Nash game model

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  • Li, Bin
  • Li, Jia
  • Liu, Zhitao
  • Su, Hongye

Abstract

The increase in the number of electric vehicles (EVs) and the development of dynamic wireless charging technology have significantly deepened the interdependence between urban transportation networks (TNs) and power distribution networks (PDNs). Therefore, it is crucial to develop a framework that can describe the coordinated operation between the TN and PDN, which is of great importance for studying the operation of this coupled system. This paper proposes a Stackelberg–Nash game model to achieve network equilibrium in the transportation-power distribution coupled system (TPDCS), where the TN has a mixed flow of EVs and gasoline vehicles and considers the tidal lanes and the PDN includes generators utilizing renewable energy sources (RES). The leader problem is an economic-emission dispatch model of the PDN, and the follower problem is a semi-dynamic user equilibrium (SDUE) model of the TN. This work formulates the SDUE model into variational inequalities (VIs) to efficiently solve the SDUE of the TN. Furthermore, this paper transforms this Stackelberg–Nash game model into a fixed-point problem. Based on the fixed-point problem and the VIs, this paper develops a projection-contraction algorithm to obtain the network equilibrium of the TPDCS over multiple periods. In the numerical experiments, a test system is employed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed models and algorithms in tackling the network equilibrium of the TPDCS.

Suggested Citation

  • Li, Bin & Li, Jia & Liu, Zhitao & Su, Hongye, 2025. "Network equilibrium of a transportation-power distribution coupled system: A Stackelberg–Nash game model," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 241(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:241:y:2025:i:c:s0960148124023188
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2024.122250
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    References listed on IDEAS

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