IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/renene/v239y2025ics0960148124020998.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Investigation of the Comparative okra drying performance of a geothermal and solar hybrid forced convection indirect type cabinet dryer

Author

Listed:
  • Yazici, Mesut
  • Kose, Ramazan
  • Acer, Semra Durmus

Abstract

This study investigated the okra drying performance of a dryer in which solar and geothermal energy are used together to ensure an uninterrupted operation in the drying processes. For this reason, the performance of the geothermal and solar hybrid forced convection indirect type cabinet dryer was compared with the solar forced convection indirect type cabinet dryer and traditional shade drying methods. In three different experiments, okras were dried from the initial moisture value of 7.735, 8.245, and 8.82 g water/g dry material (d.b.) to the final moisture value of 0.3 g water/g dry material (d.b.). These experiments were carried out in entirely cloudy, partly cloudy, and completely clear weather conditions. Geothermal energy contributed 58.4 % in completely cloudy weather and 49.5 % in completely clear weather. The first tray level of the hybrid dryer reached the final moisture value in 27 h at the earliest. Temperature and humidity changes in all main components of the dryers were analyzed. In addition, the energy analyses of the dryers are discussed. Afterward, aflatoxin and color analyses of dried okra were made.

Suggested Citation

  • Yazici, Mesut & Kose, Ramazan & Acer, Semra Durmus, 2025. "Investigation of the Comparative okra drying performance of a geothermal and solar hybrid forced convection indirect type cabinet dryer," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:239:y:2025:i:c:s0960148124020998
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2024.122031
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960148124020998
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.renene.2024.122031?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Amer, Baher M.A. & Gottschalk, Klaus & Hossain, M.A., 2018. "Integrated hybrid solar drying system and its drying kinetics of chamomile," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 121(C), pages 539-547.
    2. Koukouch, Abdelghani & Idlimam, Ali & Asbik, Mohamed & Sarh, Brahim & Izrar, Boujemaa & Bostyn, Stéphane & Bah, Abdellah & Ansari, Omar & Zegaoui, Omar & Amine, Amina, 2017. "Experimental determination of the effective moisture diffusivity and activation energy during convective solar drying of olive pomace waste," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 565-574.
    3. Kose, Ramazan, 2007. "Geothermal energy potential for power generation in Turkey: A case study in Simav, Kutahya," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 11(3), pages 497-511, April.
    4. Iranmanesh, Masoud & Samimi Akhijahani, Hadi & Barghi Jahromi, Mohammad Saleh, 2020. "CFD modeling and evaluation the performance of a solar cabinet dryer equipped with evacuated tube solar collector and thermal storage system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 1192-1213.
    5. Heydari, Ali, 2022. "Experimental analysis of hybrid dryer combined with spiral solar air heater and auxiliary heating system: Energy, exergy and economic analysis," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 198(C), pages 1162-1175.
    6. Azaizia, Zaineb & Kooli, Sami & Hamdi, Ilhem & Elkhal, Wissem & Guizani, Amen Allah, 2020. "Experimental study of a new mixed mode solar greenhouse drying system with and without thermal energy storage for pepper," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 1972-1984.
    7. Arat, Halit & Arslan, Oguz, 2017. "Exergoeconomic analysis of district heating system boosted by the geothermal heat pump," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 119(C), pages 1159-1170.
    8. Hadibi, Tarik & Boubekri, Abdelghani & Mennouche, Djamel & Benhamza, Abderrahmane & Kumar, Anil & Bensaci, Cheyma & Xiao, Hong-Wei, 2022. "Effect of ventilated solar-geothermal drying on 3E (exergy, energy, and economic analysis), and quality attributes of tomato paste," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 243(C).
    9. Badaoui, Ouassila & Hanini, Salah & Djebli, Ahmed & Haddad, Brahim & Benhamou, Amina, 2019. "Experimental and modelling study of tomato pomace waste drying in a new solar greenhouse: Evaluation of new drying models," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 133(C), pages 144-155.
    10. Gupta, Ankur & Das, Biplab & Biswas, Agnimitra & Mondol, Jayanta Deb, 2022. "Sustainability and 4E analysis of novel solar photovoltaic-thermal solar dryer under forced and natural convection drying," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 188(C), pages 1008-1021.
    11. Erick César, López-Vidaña & Ana Lilia, César-Munguía & Octavio, García-Valladares & Isaac, Pilatowsky Figueroa & Rogelio, Brito Orosco, 2020. "Thermal performance of a passive, mixed-type solar dryer for tomato slices (Solanum lycopersicum)," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(P1), pages 845-855.
    12. Zoukit, Ahmed & El Ferouali, Hicham & Salhi, Issam & Doubabi, Said & Abdenouri, Naji, 2019. "Takagi Sugeno fuzzy modeling applied to an indirect solar dryer operated in both natural and forced convection," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 133(C), pages 849-860.
    13. Arun, K.R. & Kunal, G. & Srinivas, M. & Kumar, C.S. Sujith & Mohanraj, M. & Jayaraj, S., 2020. "Drying of untreated Musa nendra and Momordica charantia in a forced convection solar cabinet dryer with thermal storage," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 192(C).
    14. Natarajan, Karunaraja & Thokchom, Subhaschandra Singh & Verma, Tikendra Nath & Nashine, Prerana, 2017. "Convective solar drying of Vitis vinifera &Momordica charantia using thermal storage materials," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 1193-1200.
    15. Kouhila, Mounir & Moussaoui, Haytem & Lamsyehe, Hamza & Tagnamas, Zakaria & Bahammou, Younes & Idlimam, Ali & Lamharrar, Abdelkader, 2020. "Drying characteristics and kinetics solar drying of Mediterranean mussel (mytilus galloprovincilis) type under forced convection," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(P1), pages 833-844.
    16. Khanlari, Ataollah & Sözen, Adnan & Afshari, Faraz & Tuncer, Azim Doğuş, 2021. "Energy-exergy and sustainability analysis of a PV-driven quadruple-flow solar drying system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 175(C), pages 1151-1166.
    17. Vásquez, José & Reyes, Alejandro & Pailahueque, Nicolás, 2019. "Modeling, simulation and experimental validation of a solar dryer for agro-products with thermal energy storage system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 1375-1390.
    18. Sekyere, C.K.K. & Forson, F.K. & Adam, F.W., 2016. "Experimental investigation of the drying characteristics of a mixed mode natural convection solar crop dryer with back up heater," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 92(C), pages 532-542.
    19. Atalay, Halil, 2019. "Performance analysis of a solar dryer integrated with the packed bed thermal energy storage (TES) system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 172(C), pages 1037-1052.
    20. Chauhan, Prashant Singh & Kumar, Anil, 2017. "Heat transfer analysis of north wall insulated greenhouse dryer under natural convection mode," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 118(C), pages 1264-1274.
    21. Hasan, Mahmudul & Zhang, Mengze & Wu, Weinan & Langrish, Timothy A.G., 2016. "Discounted cash flow analysis of greenhouse-type solar kilns," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 404-412.
    22. Sandali, Messaoud & Boubekri, Abdelghani & Mennouche, Djamel & Gherraf, Noureddine, 2019. "Improvement of a direct solar dryer performance using a geothermal water heat exchanger as supplementary energetic supply. An experimental investigation and simulation study," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 186-196.
    23. Karthikeyan, A.K. & Murugavelh, S., 2018. "Thin layer drying kinetics and exergy analysis of turmeric (Curcuma longa) in a mixed mode forced convection solar tunnel dryer," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 128(PA), pages 305-312.
    24. Lahsasni, Siham & Kouhila, Mohammed & Mahrouz, Mostafa & Idlimam, Ali & Jamali, Abdelkrim, 2004. "Thin layer convective solar drying and mathematical modeling of prickly pear peel (Opuntia ficus indica)," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 29(2), pages 211-224.
    25. Abiodun Okunola & Timothy Adekanye & Endurance Idahosa, 2021. "Energy and exergy analyses of okra drying process in a forced convection cabinet dryer," Research in Agricultural Engineering, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 67(1), pages 8-16.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. EL-Mesery, Hany S. & EL-Seesy, Ahmed I. & Hu, Zicheng & Li, Yang, 2022. "Recent developments in solar drying technology of food and agricultural products: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 157(C).
    2. Saini, Raj Kumar & Saini, Devender Kumar & Gupta, Rajeev & Verma, Piush & Thakur, Robin & Kumar, Sushil & wassouf, Ali, 2023. "Technological development in solar dryers from 2016 to 2021-A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 188(C).
    3. Hadibi, Tarik & Mennouche, Djamel & Boubekri, Abdelghani & Chouicha, Samira & Arıcı, Müslüm & Yunfeng, Wang & Ming, Li & Fang-ling, Fan, 2023. "Drying characteristic, sustainability, and 4E (energy, exergy, and enviro-economic) analysis of dried date fruits using indirect solar-electric dryer: An experimental investigation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 218(C).
    4. Madhankumar, S. & Viswanathan, Karthickeyan & Wu, Wei, 2021. "Energy, exergy and environmental impact analysis on the novel indirect solar dryer with fins inserted phase change material," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 176(C), pages 280-294.
    5. Asim Ahmad & Om Prakash & Anil Kumar & Rajeshwari Chatterjee & Shubham Sharma & Vineet Kumar & Kushagra Kulshreshtha & Changhe Li & Elsayed Mohamed Tag Eldin, 2022. "A Comprehensive State-of-the-Art Review on the Recent Developments in Greenhouse Drying," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-42, December.
    6. Kong, Decheng & Wang, Yunfeng & Li, Ming & Liang, Jingkang, 2024. "A comprehensive review of hybrid solar dryers integrated with auxiliary energy and units for agricultural products," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 293(C).
    7. Shiva Gorjian & Behnam Hosseingholilou & Laxmikant D. Jathar & Haniyeh Samadi & Samiran Samanta & Atul A. Sagade & Karunesh Kant & Ravishankar Sathyamurthy, 2021. "Recent Advancements in Technical Design and Thermal Performance Enhancement of Solar Greenhouse Dryers," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-32, June.
    8. Zoukit, Ahmed & El Ferouali, Hicham & Salhi, Issam & Doubabi, Said & Abdenouri, Naji, 2019. "Takagi Sugeno fuzzy modeling applied to an indirect solar dryer operated in both natural and forced convection," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 133(C), pages 849-860.
    9. Lingayat, Abhay Bhanudas & Chandramohan, V.P. & Raju, V.R.K. & Meda, Venkatesh, 2020. "A review on indirect type solar dryers for agricultural crops – Dryer setup, its performance, energy storage and important highlights," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 258(C).
    10. Hadibi, Tarik & Mengjie, Song & Jiangtao, Rong & Wang, Yunfeng & Benseddik, Abdelouahab & Ming, Li & Hassanien, Reda Hassanien Emam & Abdelkader, Tarek Kh, 2025. "Comprehensive analysis and experimental study on the novel intermittent solar-electric onion drying technology," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(C).
    11. Andrés Fernández-Miguel & Davide Settembre-Blundo & Marco Vacchi & Fernando E. García-Muiña, 2025. "Thermoeconomics Meets Business Science: Systemic Exergy Management (SYMΞX) as a New Theoretical and Flexible Framework for Sustainability," Global Journal of Flexible Systems Management, Springer;Global Institute of Flexible Systems Management, vol. 26(1), pages 111-139, March.
    12. Dutta, Pooja & Dutta, Partha Pratim & Kalita, Paragmoni, 2021. "Thermal performance studies for drying of Garcinia pedunculata in a free convection corrugated type of solar dryer," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 599-612.
    13. Houssam Chouikhi & Baher M. A. Amer, 2023. "Performance Evaluation of an Indirect-Mode Forced Convection Solar Dryer Equipped with a PV/T Air Collector for Drying Tomato Slices," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-21, March.
    14. Ceylin Şirin & Fatih Selimefendigil & Hakan Fehmi Öztop, 2023. "Performance Analysis and Identification of an Indirect Photovoltaic Thermal Dryer with Aluminum Oxide Nano-Embedded Thermal Energy Storage Modification," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-27, January.
    15. Sivakumar, S. & Velmurugan, C. & Dhas, D.S. Ebenezer Jacob & Solomon, A. Brusly & Dev Wins, K. Leo, 2020. "Effect of nano cupric oxide coating on the forced convection performance of a mixed-mode flat plate solar dryer," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 155(C), pages 1165-1172.
    16. Masud, Mahadi Hasan & Himel, Md. Hasibul Hasan & Ahmed, Mim Mashrur & Chowdhury, Sami Ahbab & Dabnichki, Peter, 2024. "Energy, exergy, exergo-economic and exergo-environmental analysis of waste heat-based convective dryer," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 312(C).
    17. Ayub, Iqra & Nasir, Muhammad Salman & Liu, Yang & Munir, Anjum & Yang, Fusheng & Zhang, Zaoxiao, 2020. "Performance improvement of solar bakery unit by integrating with metal hydride based solar thermal energy storage reactor," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 1011-1024.
    18. Zoukit, Ahmed & El Ferouali, Hicham & Salhi, Issam & Doubabi, Said & Abdenouri, Naji, 2019. "Simulation, design and experimental performance evaluation of an innovative hybrid solar-gas dryer," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C).
    19. Camilo Ramirez & Mario Palacio & Mauricio Carmona, 2020. "Reduced Model and Comparative Analysis of the Thermal Performance of Indirect Solar Dryer with and without PCM," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-18, October.
    20. Hamed Karami & Mohammad Kaveh & Iman Golpour & Esmail Khalife & Robert Rusinek & Bohdan Dobrzański & Marek Gancarz, 2021. "Thermodynamic Evaluation of the Forced Convective Hybrid-Solar Dryer during Drying Process of Rosemary ( Rosmarinus officinalis L.) Leaves," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-17, September.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:239:y:2025:i:c:s0960148124020998. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/renewable-energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.