Application potential of rooftop photovoltaics (PV) in elevated metro station for a low-carbon future: Characteristic analysis and strategies for supply-demand mismatch

Integrating photovoltaic (PV) system offers a promising solution to mitigate energy demand within the metro system, promoting cleaner electricity and contributing to a low-carbon future. However, due to discrepancies between PV power generation and energy demand profiles, on-site PV utilization remains suboptimal. Currently, there is a research gap concerning mismatch deconstruction based on formative principles. Addressing this gap, the study proposes a novel mismatch deconstruction approach that deconstructs mismatches along three dimensions: quantity, stagger, and shape. The findings reveal that, in the baseline scenario, quantity mismatch dominates, accounting for 62.6 %, and stagger mismatch and shape mismatch contribute 34.3 % and 3.1 %, respectively. Furthermore, the mapping relationship between mismatch deconstruction and mitigation strategies is explored and solutions for scenarios where different deconstruction results are the main contradictions is provided. Results shows that quantity mismatch represents PV capacity requirements, while stagger mismatch and shape mismatch signify energy storage capacity needs. When the quantity mismatch ratio is below 0.5, the investment preference is completely biased towards energy storage. Leveraging the deconstruction, an investment optimization method is introduced to maximize renewable energy supply and maximize economic benefits. It is hoped that the study provides valuable insights into a sustainable and low-carbon future for transport industry.