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Improved biodiesel production from sludge palm oil catalyzed by a low-cost liquid lipase under low-input process conditions

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  • Loh, Jun Mann
  • Amelia,
  • Gourich, Wail
  • Chew, Chien Lye
  • Song, Cher Pin
  • Chan, Eng-Seng

Abstract

Sludge palm oil is a by-product produced as a result of oil loss into waste streams during the palm oil milling process. It is non-edible, inexpensive and abundantly available, thus making it an attractive feedstock for biodiesel production. However, it contains high contents of water and free fatty acids, rendering the conventional alkali-catalyzed process unsuitable. Therefore, this research aimed to improve the production of biodiesel from sludge palm oil using a low-cost liquid lipase (Eversa® Transform 2.0) produced from a genetically modified Aspergillus oryzae. The activity of the liquid lipase was determined to be 9600 IU mL−1. We performed the reaction using low-input process conditions with only 0.2 wt% enzyme concentration and 5:1 methanol-to-oil molar ratio at a low operating temperature of 45 °C. Under an optimum stirring speed of 750 rpm, a crude biodiesel with a high ester content of approximately 94 wt% could be produced. Additionally, the crude glycerol produced has a higher purity compared to that produced via a chemical-catalyzed process. Overall, an economical and sustainable enzymatic process for the conversion of sludge palm oil into high quality biodiesel and glycerol has been demonstrated in this study.

Suggested Citation

  • Loh, Jun Mann & Amelia, & Gourich, Wail & Chew, Chien Lye & Song, Cher Pin & Chan, Eng-Seng, 2021. "Improved biodiesel production from sludge palm oil catalyzed by a low-cost liquid lipase under low-input process conditions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 177(C), pages 348-358.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:177:y:2021:i:c:p:348-358
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2021.05.138
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    Cited by:

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    2. Kamel Ariffin, Maryam Farhana & Idris, Ani, 2022. "Fe2O3/Chitosan coated superparamagnetic nanoparticles supporting lipase enzyme from Candida Antarctica for microwave assisted biodiesel production," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(C), pages 1362-1375.
    3. Huang, Shuai & Cui, Ziheng & Zhu, Ruisong & Chen, Changjing & Song, Shuyue & Song, Jianting & Wang, Meng & Tan, Tianwei, 2022. "Design and development of a new static mixing bioreactor for enzymatic bioprocess: Application in biodiesel production," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 197(C), pages 922-931.
    4. Wancura, João H.C. & Brondani, Michel & dos Santos, Maicon S.N. & Oro, Carolina E.D. & Wancura, Guilherme C. & Tres, Marcus V. & Oliveira, J. Vladimir, 2023. "Demystifying the enzymatic biodiesel: How lipases are contributing to its technological advances," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 216(C).
    5. Ng, Wei Zhe & Obon, Aaron Anthony & Lee, Chin Loong & Ong, Yi Hui & Gourich, Wail & Maran, Kireshwen & Tang, Dennis Boon Yong & Song, Cher Pin & Chan, Eng-Seng, 2022. "Techno-economic analysis of enzymatic biodiesel co-produced in palm oil mills from sludge palm oil for improving renewable energy access in rural areas," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 243(C).

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