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Combination of fatty acids extraction and enzymatic esterification for biodiesel production using sludge palm oil as a low-cost substrate

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  • Muanruksa, Papasanee
  • Kaewkannetra, Pakawadee

Abstract

The alternative approach to the production of biodiesel from sludge palm oil (SPO) via two steps of extraction and enzymatic esterification was performed. Free fatty acids (FFAs) from SPO were obtained through saponification reaction and subsequent extraction. The FFAs were further converted to biodiesel (fatty acids methyl esters) via esterification reaction catalysed by immobilised Rhizopus oryzae lipase on alginate-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) beads. The esterification reaction was investigated by variations of temperature (30–50 °C), molar ratio of methanol to FFAs (1:1 to 5:1), agitation rate (100–300 rpm) and for 4 h. The results were revealed that optimal condition for biodiesel production reached at reaction temperature of 40 °C, methanol to FFAs molar ratio of 3:1 and agitation rate of 200 rpm. Under the optimum condition, the highest biodiesel yield of 91.30% was achieved. Successfully, biodiesel production from SPO gave high conversion rate. In addition, the biocatalyst also showed in high catalytic efficiency and stability up to 15 cycles. The process cost could be reduced cost effectively for biodiesel production when a low cost substrate of SPO as well as the capable biocatalyst were used.

Suggested Citation

  • Muanruksa, Papasanee & Kaewkannetra, Pakawadee, 2020. "Combination of fatty acids extraction and enzymatic esterification for biodiesel production using sludge palm oil as a low-cost substrate," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 901-906.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:146:y:2020:i:c:p:901-906
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2019.07.027
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    7. Choong, Yee Yaw & Chou, Kian Weng & Norli, Ismail, 2018. "Strategies for improving biogas production of palm oil mill effluent (POME) anaerobic digestion: A critical review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 82(P3), pages 2993-3006.
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    4. Ng, Wei Zhe & Obon, Aaron Anthony & Lee, Chin Loong & Ong, Yi Hui & Gourich, Wail & Maran, Kireshwen & Tang, Dennis Boon Yong & Song, Cher Pin & Chan, Eng-Seng, 2022. "Techno-economic analysis of enzymatic biodiesel co-produced in palm oil mills from sludge palm oil for improving renewable energy access in rural areas," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 243(C).
    5. Oliveira, Anne Caroline Defranceschi & Frensch, Gustavo & Marques, Francisco de Assis & Vargas, José Viriato Coelho & Rodrigues, Maria Luiza Fernandes & Mariano, André Bellin, 2020. "Production of methyl oleate by direct addition of fermented solid Penicillium sumatrense and Aspergillus fumigatus," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 1132-1139.
    6. Wancura, João H.C. & Brondani, Michel & dos Santos, Maicon S.N. & Oro, Carolina E.D. & Wancura, Guilherme C. & Tres, Marcus V. & Oliveira, J. Vladimir, 2023. "Demystifying the enzymatic biodiesel: How lipases are contributing to its technological advances," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 216(C).
    7. Gourich, Wail & Chan, Eng-Seng & Ng, Wei Zhe & Obon, Aaron Anthony & Maran, Kireshwen & Ong, Yi Hui & Lee, Chin Loong & Tan, Jully & Song, Cher Pin, 2022. "Life cycle benefits of enzymatic biodiesel co-produced in palm oil mills from sludge palm oil as renewable fuel for rural electrification," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 325(C).
    8. Loh, Jun Mann & Amelia, & Gourich, Wail & Chew, Chien Lye & Song, Cher Pin & Chan, Eng-Seng, 2021. "Improved biodiesel production from sludge palm oil catalyzed by a low-cost liquid lipase under low-input process conditions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 177(C), pages 348-358.

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