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Production of biodiesel from crude palm oil by a sequential hydrolysis/esterification process using subcritical water

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  • dos Santos, Letícia Karen
  • Hatanaka, Rafael Rodrigues
  • de Oliveira, José Eduardo
  • Flumignan, Danilo Luiz

Abstract

This paper investigates the biodiesel production by subcritical/chemical hydroesterification from crude palm oil. Hydroesterification is the innovation of biodiesel production in two-step: consists of hydrolysis of oil into free fatty acids (FFAs) in subcritical water and subsequent chemical esterification of FFAs into FAMEs (biodiesel). The purpose was to apply the experimental factorial design to evaluate the influence of reaction variables on the effectiveness of hydrolysis and determine the relationship of FFAs and FAMEs yields. Experiments were conducted in a batch reactor under various conditions and the optimal conditions (250 °C, 120 min, 100:1 water:oil molar ratio and 700 rpm) for hydrolysis was determined. The analyses indicated high FFAs yields (86 wt%). Esterification results revealed a conversion of the FFAs in 99.1 wt% of FAMEs in biodiesel production. This study shows that hydroesterification process produces biodiesel with excellent quality as well as traditional alkaline transesterification.

Suggested Citation

  • dos Santos, Letícia Karen & Hatanaka, Rafael Rodrigues & de Oliveira, José Eduardo & Flumignan, Danilo Luiz, 2019. "Production of biodiesel from crude palm oil by a sequential hydrolysis/esterification process using subcritical water," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 130(C), pages 633-640.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:130:y:2019:i:c:p:633-640
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2018.06.102
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ong, H.C. & Mahlia, T.M.I. & Masjuki, H.H. & Norhasyima, R.S., 2011. "Comparison of palm oil, Jatropha curcas and Calophyllum inophyllum for biodiesel: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(8), pages 3501-3515.
    2. dos Santos, Letícia Karen & Hatanaka, Rafael Rodrigues & de Oliveira, José Eduardo & Flumignan, Danilo Luiz, 2017. "Experimental factorial design on hydroesterification of waste cooking oil by subcritical conditions for biodiesel production," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 114(PB), pages 574-580.
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    4. Kuss, Vivian Vicentini & Kuss, Anelise Vicentini & Rosa, Rosana Gomes da & Aranda, Donato A.G. & Cruz, Yordanka Reyes, 2015. "Potential of biodiesel production from palm oil at Brazilian Amazon," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 1013-1020.
    5. Leung, Dennis Y.C. & Wu, Xuan & Leung, M.K.H., 2010. "A review on biodiesel production using catalyzed transesterification," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(4), pages 1083-1095, April.
    6. Giakoumis, Evangelos G. & Rakopoulos, Constantine D. & Dimaratos, Athanasios M. & Rakopoulos, Dimitrios C., 2013. "Exhaust emissions with ethanol or n-butanol diesel fuel blends during transient operation: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 17(C), pages 170-190.
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    2. Gourich, Wail & Chan, Eng-Seng & Ng, Wei Zhe & Obon, Aaron Anthony & Maran, Kireshwen & Ong, Yi Hui & Lee, Chin Loong & Tan, Jully & Song, Cher Pin, 2022. "Life cycle benefits of enzymatic biodiesel co-produced in palm oil mills from sludge palm oil as renewable fuel for rural electrification," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 325(C).
    3. Zulqarnain & Muhammad Ayoub & Mohd Hizami Mohd Yusoff & Muhammad Hamza Nazir & Imtisal Zahid & Mariam Ameen & Farooq Sher & Dita Floresyona & Eduardus Budi Nursanto, 2021. "A Comprehensive Review on Oil Extraction and Biodiesel Production Technologies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-28, January.
    4. Muanruksa, Papasanee & Kaewkannetra, Pakawadee, 2020. "Combination of fatty acids extraction and enzymatic esterification for biodiesel production using sludge palm oil as a low-cost substrate," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 901-906.

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