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Unveiling algal cultivation using raceway ponds for biodiesel production and its quality assessment

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  • Baldev, Edachery
  • Mubarakali, Davoodbasha
  • Saravanakumar, Kandasamy
  • Arutselvan, Chithirai
  • Alharbi, Naiyf S.
  • Alharbi, Sulaiman Ali
  • Sivasubramanian, Velusamy
  • Thajuddin, Nooruddin

Abstract

Microalgal biomass is a renewable, carbon-neutral resource and an excellent alternative to petroleum-footed fuels. In this work the open outdoor raceway pond system was used for the cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris. The biomass productivity was 31.5 mg L-1d-1 and lipid content 25 ± 5% when cultivated in low cost medium (Urea, Superphosphate and Potash at 91.9, 72.9 and 62.7 mg L-1 where the pH was 8.03) formulated by RSM. The highest FAME yield was 67% under the optimized conditions of H2SO4 at 4%; reaction time at 4 h; methanol-hexane as co-solvent in the ratio of 2:1; and temperature at 80 °C for 100 mg of algal lipid. The DU, LCSF, CFPP, CN, PP, CP of the biodiesel evidenced high quality, which corroborate with International standards. The diesel engine performance showed a blend of B50 which is superior in quality compared to B20 and B40 blends and the commercial diesel. Furthermore, reduction of brake-specific fuel consumption at 100% load showed 273.9 g/kW h in B50 whereas for commercial diesel it was 275 g/kW h. There was 40–55% reduction of CO, HC, and emissions compared to commercial diesel. Thus, this research emphasizes that microalga-based biodiesel is cost-effective and eco-friendly choice for biodiesel.

Suggested Citation

  • Baldev, Edachery & Mubarakali, Davoodbasha & Saravanakumar, Kandasamy & Arutselvan, Chithirai & Alharbi, Naiyf S. & Alharbi, Sulaiman Ali & Sivasubramanian, Velusamy & Thajuddin, Nooruddin, 2018. "Unveiling algal cultivation using raceway ponds for biodiesel production and its quality assessment," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 486-498.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:123:y:2018:i:c:p:486-498
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2018.02.032
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mathimani, Thangavel & Uma, Lakshmanan & Prabaharan, Dharmar, 2015. "Homogeneous acid catalysed transesterification of marine microalga Chlorella sp. BDUG 91771 lipid – An efficient biodiesel yield and its characterization," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 523-533.
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    1. Srivatsa, Srikanth Chakravartula & Li, Fanghua & Bhattacharya, Sankar, 2019. "Optimization of reaction parameters for bio-oil production by catalytic pyrolysis of microalga Tetraselmis suecica: Influence of Ni-loading on the bio-oil composition," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 426-436.
    2. Yuan, Hao & Zhang, Xinru & Jiang, Zeyi & Wang, Xinyu & Wang, Yi & Cao, Limei & Zhang, Xinxin, 2020. "Effect of light spectra on microalgal biofilm: Cell growth, photosynthetic property, and main organic composition," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 83-89.
    3. Suparmaniam, Uganeeswary & Lam, Man Kee & Uemura, Yoshimitsu & Lim, Jun Wei & Lee, Keat Teong & Shuit, Siew Hoong, 2019. "Insights into the microalgae cultivation technology and harvesting process for biofuel production: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
    4. Sawant, S.S. & Gosavi, S.N. & Khadamkar, H.P. & Mathpati, C.S. & Pandit, Reena & Lali, A.M., 2019. "Energy efficient design of high depth raceway pond using computational fluid dynamics," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 133(C), pages 528-537.
    5. Nirmala, N. & Dawn, S.S., 2021. "Optimization of Chlorella variabilis. MK039712.1 lipid transesterification using Response Surface Methodology and analytical characterization of biodiesel," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 1663-1673.

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