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Intelligence and impact contests in systems with redundancy, false targets, and partial protection

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  • Levitin, Gregory
  • Hausken, Kjell

Abstract

The paper considers a system consisting of identical elements that can be intentionally attacked. The cumulative performance of the system elements should meet a demand. To prevent loss of demand the defender provides system redundancy (deploying genuine system elements (GEs) with cumulative performance exceeding the demand); deploys false elements (FEs), and protects the GEs. If the attacker cannot distinguish GEs and FEs, he chooses the number of elements to attack and attacks at random these elements distributing his resource evenly among the attacked elements. In order to get the information about the system the attacker allocates a part of his resource into the intelligence activity. Analogously, the defender allocates a part of his resource into the counter-intelligence activity. The attacker's strategy presumes distribution of his resource among the intelligence and attack effort and choice of the number of attacked elements. If the attacker wins the intelligence contest, he can identify both FEs and unprotected GEs ignoring the former ones and destroying the latter ones with negligible effort. The defender's strategy presumes distribution of his resource among the counter-intelligence and the three defensive actions. The paper considers a three-period non-cooperative minmax game between the defender and the attacker and presents an algorithm for determining the agents’ optimal strategies.

Suggested Citation

  • Levitin, Gregory & Hausken, Kjell, 2009. "Intelligence and impact contests in systems with redundancy, false targets, and partial protection," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 94(12), pages 1927-1941.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:reensy:v:94:y:2009:i:12:p:1927-1941
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ress.2009.06.010
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    2. Kjell Hausken, 2019. "Special versus general protection and attack of two assets," Operations Research and Decisions, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Management, vol. 29(4), pages 53-93.
    3. Wei Wang & Francesco Di Maio & Enrico Zio, 2019. "Adversarial Risk Analysis to Allocate Optimal Defense Resources for Protecting Cyber–Physical Systems from Cyber Attacks," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 39(12), pages 2766-2785, December.
    4. Lin, Chen & Xiao, Hui & Kou, Gang & Peng, Rui, 2020. "Defending a series system with individual protection, overarching protection, and disinformation," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 204(C).
    5. Levitin, Gregory & Hausken, Kjell, 2011. "Is it wise to protect false targets?," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 96(12), pages 1647-1656.
    6. Szidarovszky, Ferenc & Luo, Yi, 2014. "Incorporating risk seeking attitude into defense strategy," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 104-109.
    7. William N. Caballero & Ethan Gharst & David Banks & Jeffery D. Weir, 2023. "Multipolar Security Cooperation Planning: A Multiobjective, Adversarial-Risk-Analysis Approach," Decision Analysis, INFORMS, vol. 20(1), pages 16-39, March.
    8. B. Golany & N. Goldberg & U. Rothblum, 2015. "Allocating multiple defensive resources in a zero-sum game setting," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 225(1), pages 91-109, February.
    9. Bagchi, Aniruddha & Paul, Jomon A., 2021. "National security vs. human rights: A game theoretic analysis of the tension between these objectives," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 290(2), pages 790-805.
    10. Dan Kovenock & Brian Roberson, 2012. "Strategic Defense And Attack For Series And Parallel Reliability Systems: Comment," Defence and Peace Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 23(5), pages 507-515, October.
    11. Levitin, Gregory & Hausken, Kjell, 2010. "Influence of attacker's target recognition ability on defense strategy in homogeneous parallel systems," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 95(5), pages 565-572.
    12. Wang, Shuliang & Sun, Jingya & Zhang, Jianhua & Dong, Qiqi & Gu, Xifeng & Chen, Chen, 2023. "Attack-Defense game analysis of critical infrastructure network based on Cournot model with fixed operating nodes," International Journal of Critical Infrastructure Protection, Elsevier, vol. 40(C).
    13. Peng, Rui & Xiao, Hui & Guo, Jianjun & Lin, Chen, 2020. "Defending a parallel system against a strategic attacker with redundancy, protection and disinformation," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 193(C).
    14. Ghostine, Rony & Thiriet, Jean-Marc & Aubry, Jean-François, 2011. "Variable delays and message losses: Influence on the reliability of a control loop," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 96(1), pages 160-171.
    15. Levitin, Gregory & Hausken, Kjell, 2013. "Is it wise to leave some false targets unprotected?," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 176-186.
    16. Peng, R. & Zhai, Q.Q. & Levitin, G., 2016. "Defending a single object against an attacker trying to detect a subset of false targets," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 149(C), pages 137-147.
    17. Abdolmajid Yolmeh & Melike Baykal-Gürsoy, 2019. "Two-Stage Invest–Defend Game: Balancing Strategic and Operational Decisions," Decision Analysis, INFORMS, vol. 16(1), pages 46-66, March.
    18. Zhang, Xiaoxiong & Ding, Song & Ge, Bingfeng & Xia, Boyuan & Pedrycz, Witold, 2021. "Resource allocation among multiple targets for a defender-attacker game with false targets consideration," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 211(C).
    19. Hausken, Kjell, 2017. "Special versus general protection and attack of parallel and series components," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 165(C), pages 239-256.
    20. Hunt, Kyle & Agarwal, Puneet & Zhuang, Jun, 2021. "Technology adoption for airport security: Modeling public disclosure and secrecy in an attacker-defender game," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 207(C).

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