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Why do issuers issue Sukuk or conventional bond? Evidence from Malaysian listed firms using partial adjustment models

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  • Mohamed, Hisham Hanifa
  • Masih, Mansur
  • Bacha, Obiyathulla I.

Abstract

Although sukuk has been dominating the Malaysian capital market, the motivations of the firms issuing sukuk or conventional bonds remained largely unexplored. Using the partial adjustment model, we make the initial attempt, to test a firm's target debt optimizing behavior and secondly, to find the firm specific determinants of target debt ratio using a sukuk or conventional bond issuance33Sukuk samples are split into exchange-based sukuk and partnership-based sukuk, while conventional bond samples are split into convertible bond and straight bond. dataset. Our sample consists of 120 conventional bonds and 80 sukuk issuers from 2000 to 2012. We employ two recent dynamic panel data estimators,44Standard-GMM and System-GMM. which resulted in three major findings. Firstly, our results provide stronger support for trade-off view based on a firm's optimizing behavior among sukuk and conventional bond issuers, however with different issuance motives. Secondly, issuers of partnership-based sukuk and convertible bonds closely follow the pecking order view, in which the former is chosen based on firms facing a higher information asymmetry cost. Finally, while both exchange-based sukuk and straight bond issuers align towards a particular target, only firms with higher sales growth prefer the former. Reinforced by industry insights, our findings evidence that the sukuk offers bring unique “benefits” to corporate issuers unlike those of the conventional bonds.

Suggested Citation

  • Mohamed, Hisham Hanifa & Masih, Mansur & Bacha, Obiyathulla I., 2015. "Why do issuers issue Sukuk or conventional bond? Evidence from Malaysian listed firms using partial adjustment models," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 34(C), pages 233-252.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:pacfin:v:34:y:2015:i:c:p:233-252
    DOI: 10.1016/j.pacfin.2015.02.004
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    2. Robert W Faff & Stephen Gray & Kelvin Jui Keng Tan, 2016. "A contemporary view of corporate finance theory, empirical evidence and practice," Australian Journal of Management, Australian School of Business, vol. 41(4), pages 662-686, November.
    3. Md Hamid Uddin & Sarkar H. Kabir & Mohammad Kabir Hassan & Mohammed S. Hossain & Jia Liu, 2022. "Why do sukuks (Islamic bonds) need a different pricing model?," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 27(2), pages 2210-2234, April.
    4. Mahfuzur Rahman & Che Ruhana Isa & Teng-Tsai Tu & Moniruzzaman Sarker & Md. Abdul Kaium Masud, 2020. "A bibliometric analysis of socially responsible investment sukuk literature," Asian Journal of Sustainability and Social Responsibility, Springer, vol. 5(1), pages 1-19, December.
    5. Guermazi, Imene, 2020. "The determinants of Sukuk issuance in GCC countries," Islamic Economic Studies, The Islamic Research and Training Institute (IRTI), vol. 28, pages 25-45.
    6. Abdul Halim, Zairihan & How, Janice & Verhoeven, Peter, 2017. "Agency costs and corporate sukuk issuance," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 83-95.
    7. Ashraf, Dawood & Rizwan, Muhammad Suhail & Azmat, Saad, 2018. "The Role of Ownership and Governance Mechanism in Sukuk Financing by Malaysian Firms: An Application of A Double Selection Model," Working Papers 2018-2, The Islamic Research and Teaching Institute (IRTI).
    8. Grassa, Rihab & Miniaoui, Hela, 2018. "Corporate choice between conventional bond and Sukuk issuance evidence from GCC countries," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 454-466.
    9. Lin, Boqiang & Su, Tong, 2022. "Green bond vs conventional bond: Outline the rationale behind issuance choices in China," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
    10. Nagano, Mamoru, 2017. "Sukuk issuance and information asymmetry: Why do firms issue sukuk?," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 142-157.
    11. Aziz, Saqib & Ashraf, Dawood & El-Khatib, Rwan, 2021. "Societal trust and Sukuk activity," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
    12. Naz, Iram & Shah, Syed Muhammad Amir & Kutan, Ali M., 2017. "Do managers of sharia-compliant firms have distinctive financial styles?," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 174-187.
    13. Ghlamallah, Ezzedine & Alexakis, Christos & Dowling, Michael & Piepenbrink, Anke, 2021. "The topics of Islamic economics and finance research," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 145-160.
    14. Hafezali Iqbal Hussain & Mohd Farid Shamsudin & Shahrullizuannizam Salehuddin & Noor H. Jabarullah, 2018. "Debt Maturity and Shari'ah Compliance: Evidence from Malaysian Panel Data," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(1), pages 176-186.
    15. Uddin, Md Hamid & Kabir, Sarkar Humayun & Hossain, Mohammed Sawkat & Wahab, Nor Shaipah Abdul & Liu, Jia, 2020. "Which firms do prefer Islamic debt? An analysis and evidence from global sukuk and bonds issuing firms," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 44(C).
    16. Mimouni, Karim & Smaoui, Houcem & Temimi, Akram & Al-Azzam, Moh'd, 2019. "The impact of Sukuk on the performance of conventional and Islamic banks," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 42-54.
    17. Faruk Balli & Hassan Ghassan & Essam H. Jeefri, 2021. "Sukuk and bond spreads," Journal of Economics and Finance, Springer;Academy of Economics and Finance, vol. 45(3), pages 529-543, July.
      • Balli, Faruk & Ghassan, Hassan B. & Al-Jefri, Essam H., 2020. "Sukuk and bond spreads," MPRA Paper 106729, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 20 Jan 2021.
    18. Dariusz Piotrowski, 2017. "Challenges and barriers to the development of sukuk in the European capital market," Proceedings of Economics and Finance Conferences 4807695, International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences.
    19. Lin, Winston T. & Chen, Yueh H. & Hung, TingShu, 2019. "A partial adjustment valuation approach with stochastic and dynamic speeds of partial adjustment to measuring and evaluating the business value of information technology," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 272(2), pages 766-779.
    20. Khawaja, Mohsin & Bhatti, M. Ishaq & Ashraf, Dawood, 2019. "Ownership and control in a double decision framework for raising capital," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 41(C).
    21. Ibrahim, Mansor H., 2015. "Issues in Islamic banking and finance: Islamic banks, Shari’ah-compliant investment and sukuk," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 34(C), pages 185-191.
    22. Azmat, Saad & Skully, Michael & Brown, Kym, 2017. "The (little) difference that makes all the difference between Islamic and conventional bonds," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 46-59.
    23. Ashraf, Dawood & Rizwan, Muhammad Suhail & Azmat, Saad, 2021. "Not one but three decisions in sukuk issuance: Understanding the role of ownership and governance," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Sukuk; Conventional bonds; Trade-off theory; Pecking order theory;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C22 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes
    • C58 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric Modeling - - - Financial Econometrics
    • G24 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Investment Banking; Venture Capital; Brokerage

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