IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/juipol/v97y2025ics0957178725001961.html

Evolution of smart grid cybersecurity: toward a systematic framework for collaborative and sustainable development

Author

Listed:
  • Jiang, Luanjuan
  • Chen, Xin
  • Li, Qianmu

Abstract

This paper aims to navigate the evolution of Smart Grid Cybersecurity (SGCS) by conducting a comprehensive review of evolving challenges and proposing a collaborative framework for long-term security. A systematic analysis is conducted to reveal the research paradigm and evolution path of SGCS on a global scale. Advanced data analysis techniques are applied to produce research outputs, including key themes, graphical clusters, and science mapping of evolutionary trajectories in SGCS. Intrusion detection, critical infrastructure protection, and information and communications technology are identified as the three pivotal themes shaping the development and research frontiers of SGCS. To effectively address the challenges facing SG systems, particularly the secure integration of heterogeneous technologies, and to ensure long-term security, a collaborative framework is established. This framework involves key stakeholders in cybersecurity policies, business strategies, innovative technologies, and public participation. Further development trends and research ideas regarding each factor are discussed. Partnership among the stakeholders is emphasized to ensure the industry's future sustainability and long-term security. This study offers significant value to academics and practitioners by offering a comprehensive review of SGCS development, insights to guide future research, and a collaborative approach that can inform decision-making and promote enduring security strategies.

Suggested Citation

  • Jiang, Luanjuan & Chen, Xin & Li, Qianmu, 2025. "Evolution of smart grid cybersecurity: toward a systematic framework for collaborative and sustainable development," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 97(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:juipol:v:97:y:2025:i:c:s0957178725001961
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jup.2025.102081
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0957178725001961
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.jup.2025.102081?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to

    for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Gülcihan Aydaner & H. Aydın Okuyan, 2024. "Decentralized finance: a comparative bibliometric analysis in the Scopus and WoS databases," Future Business Journal, Springer, vol. 10(1), pages 1-24, December.
    2. Mallett, Alexandra & Stephens, Jennie C. & Wilson, Elizabeth J. & Langheim, Ria & Reiber, Ryan & Peterson, Tarla Rai, 2018. "Electric (dis) connections: Comparative review of smart grid news coverage in the United States and Canada," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 82(P2), pages 1913-1921.
    3. Alessandro Fedele & Cristian Roner, 2022. "Dangerous games: A literature review on cybersecurity investments," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 36(1), pages 157-187, February.
    4. Ahmad, Tanveer & Madonski, Rafal & Zhang, Dongdong & Huang, Chao & Mujeeb, Asad, 2022. "Data-driven probabilistic machine learning in sustainable smart energy/smart energy systems: Key developments, challenges, and future research opportunities in the context of smart grid paradigm," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 160(C).
    5. Chaomei Chen & Fidelia Ibekwe‐SanJuan & Jianhua Hou, 2010. "The structure and dynamics of cocitation clusters: A multiple‐perspective cocitation analysis," Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, Association for Information Science & Technology, vol. 61(7), pages 1386-1409, July.
    6. Berghout, Tarek & Benbouzid, Mohamed & Muyeen, S.M., 2022. "Machine learning for cybersecurity in smart grids: A comprehensive review-based study on methods, solutions, and prospects," International Journal of Critical Infrastructure Protection, Elsevier, vol. 38(C).
    7. Ferreira, Paula & Rocha, Ana & Araujo, Madalena & Afonso, Joao L. & Antunes, Carlos Henggeler & Lopes, Marta A.R. & Osório, Gerardo J. & Catalão, João P.S. & Lopes, João Peças, 2023. "Assessing the societal impact of smart grids: Outcomes of a collaborative research project," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).
    8. Huang, Lei & Ladikas, Miltos & Schippl, Jens & He, Guangxi & Hahn, Julia, 2023. "Knowledge mapping of an artificial intelligence application scenario: A bibliometric analysis of the basic research of data-driven autonomous vehicles," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 75(C).
    9. Tuballa, Maria Lorena & Abundo, Michael Lochinvar, 2016. "A review of the development of Smart Grid technologies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 710-725.
    10. Chaomei Chen & Fidelia Ibekwe-SanJuan & Jianhua Hou, 2010. "The structure and dynamics of cocitation clusters: A multiple-perspective cocitation analysis," Journal of the Association for Information Science & Technology, Association for Information Science & Technology, vol. 61(7), pages 1386-1409, July.
    11. Luis Gomes & António Coelho & Zita Vale, 2022. "Assessment of Energy Customer Perception, Willingness, and Acceptance to Participate in Smart Grids—A Portuguese Survey," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-16, December.
    12. Shan, Xiaojun Gene & Zhuang, Jun, 2020. "A game-theoretic approach to modeling attacks and defenses of smart grids at three levels," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 195(C).
    13. Muhammad Waseem & Muhammad Adnan Khan & Arman Goudarzi & Shah Fahad & Intisar Ali Sajjad & Pierluigi Siano, 2023. "Incorporation of Blockchain Technology for Different Smart Grid Applications: Architecture, Prospects, and Challenges," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-29, January.
    14. Jean Paul A. Yaacoub & Hassan N. Noura & Ola Salman & Khaled Chahine, 2025. "Toward Secure Smart Grid Systems: Risks, Threats, Challenges, and Future Directions," Future Internet, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-87, July.
    15. Li, Zhi-Chun & Huang, Hai-Jun & Yang, Hai, 2020. "Fifty years of the bottleneck model: A bibliometric review and future research directions," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 311-342.
    16. Reda, Haftu Tasew & Anwar, Adnan & Mahmood, Abdun, 2022. "Comprehensive survey and taxonomies of false data injection attacks in smart grids: attack models, targets, and impacts," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 163(C).
    17. van de Kaa, G. & Fens, T. & Rezaei, J. & Kaynak, D. & Hatun, Z. & Tsilimeni-Archangelidi, A., 2019. "Realizing smart meter connectivity: Analyzing the competing technologies Power line communication, mobile telephony, and radio frequency using the best worst method," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 320-327.
    18. Dileep, G., 2020. "A survey on smart grid technologies and applications," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 2589-2625.
    19. Kimani, Kenneth & Oduol, Vitalice & Langat, Kibet, 2019. "Cyber security challenges for IoT-based smart grid networks," International Journal of Critical Infrastructure Protection, Elsevier, vol. 25(C), pages 36-49.
    20. Patel, Sandip C. & Graham, James H. & Ralston, Patricia A.S., 2008. "Quantitatively assessing the vulnerability of critical information systems: A new method for evaluating security enhancements," International Journal of Information Management, Elsevier, vol. 28(6), pages 483-491.
    21. Rui Qiu & Shuhua Hou & Xin Chen & Zhiyi Meng, 2021. "Green aviation industry sustainable development towards an integrated support system," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 30(5), pages 2441-2452, July.
    22. Marilyn A. Brown & Shan Zhou, 2013. "Smart-grid policies: an international review," Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 2(2), pages 121-139, March.
    23. Ines Ortega-Fernandez & Francesco Liberati, 2023. "A Review of Denial of Service Attack and Mitigation in the Smart Grid Using Reinforcement Learning," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-15, January.
    24. Adel Alqudhaibi & Sourav Deshpande & Sandeep Jagtap & Konstantinos Salonitis, 2023. "Towards a sustainable future: developing a cybersecurity framework for manufacturing," Technological Sustainability, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 2(4), pages 372-387, July.
    25. Crosignani, Matteo & Macchiavelli, Marco & Silva, André F., 2023. "Pirates without borders: The propagation of cyberattacks through firms’ supply chains," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 147(2), pages 432-448.
    26. Bhargav Appasani & Sunil Kumar Mishra & Amitkumar V. Jha & Santosh Kumar Mishra & Florentina Magda Enescu & Ioan Sorin Sorlei & Fernando Georgel Bîrleanu & Noureddine Takorabet & Phatiphat Thounthong , 2022. "Blockchain-Enabled Smart Grid Applications: Architecture, Challenges, and Solutions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-33, July.
    27. Darius Štitilis & Paulis Pakutinskas & Inga Malinauskaitė, 2016. "Preconditions of sustainable ecosystem: cyber security policy and strategies," Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, VsI Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Center, vol. 4(2), pages 174-182, December.
    28. Singh, Neeraj Kumar & Mahajan, Vasundhara, 2021. "End-User Privacy Protection Scheme from cyber intrusion in smart grid advanced metering infrastructure," International Journal of Critical Infrastructure Protection, Elsevier, vol. 34(C).
    29. Colak, Ilhami & Sagiroglu, Seref & Fulli, Gianluca & Yesilbudak, Mehmet & Covrig, Catalin-Felix, 2016. "A survey on the critical issues in smart grid technologies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 396-405.
    30. Alcaraz, Cristina & Zeadally, Sherali, 2015. "Critical infrastructure protection: Requirements and challenges for the 21st century," International Journal of Critical Infrastructure Protection, Elsevier, vol. 8(C), pages 53-66.
    31. Marilyn A. Brown & Shan Zhou & Majid Ahmadi, 2018. "Smart grid governance: An international review of evolving policy issues and innovations," Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 7(5), September.
    32. Didane, Djamal Hissein & Manshoor, Bukhari & Alimin, Ahmad Jais & Amin, Abdelazeem A., 2025. "Bibliometric analysis of 50 years of energy research in Malaysia: Trends and opportunities," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 214(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Stavros Lazarou & Sofoklis Makridis, 2017. "Hydrogen Storage Technologies for Smart Grid Applications," Challenges, MDPI, vol. 8(1), pages 1-11, June.
    2. Arman Goudarzi & Farzad Ghayoor & Muhammad Waseem & Shah Fahad & Issa Traore, 2022. "A Survey on IoT-Enabled Smart Grids: Emerging, Applications, Challenges, and Outlook," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-32, September.
    3. Nazir, Lubna & Sharifi, Ayyoob, 2024. "An analysis of barriers to the implementation of smart grid technology in Pakistan," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 220(C).
    4. Norouzi, Farshid & Hoppe, Thomas & Elizondo, Laura Ramirez & Bauer, Pavol, 2022. "A review of socio-technical barriers to Smart Microgrid development," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
    5. Nguyen, Tiep & Duong, Quang Huy & Nguyen, Truong Van & Zhu, You & Zhou, Li, 2022. "Knowledge mapping of digital twin and physical internet in Supply Chain Management: A systematic literature review," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 244(C).
    6. Erdal Irmak & Ersan Kabalci & Yasin Kabalci, 2023. "Digital Transformation of Microgrids: A Review of Design, Operation, Optimization, and Cybersecurity," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(12), pages 1-58, June.
    7. Tehseen Mazhar & Hafiz Muhammad Irfan & Sunawar Khan & Inayatul Haq & Inam Ullah & Muhammad Iqbal & Habib Hamam, 2023. "Analysis of Cyber Security Attacks and Its Solutions for the Smart grid Using Machine Learning and Blockchain Methods," Future Internet, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-37, February.
    8. Yanto Chandra, 2018. "Mapping the evolution of entrepreneurship as a field of research (1990–2013): A scientometric analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(1), pages 1-24, January.
    9. Kamila Widziewicz-Rzońca & Malwina Tytła, 2020. "First systematic review on PM-bound water: exploring the existing knowledge domain using the CiteSpace software," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 124(3), pages 1945-2008, September.
    10. Huaruo Chen & Tingting Fang & Fan Liu & Liman Pang & Ya Wen & Shi Chen & Xueying Gu, 2020. "Career Adaptability Research: A Literature Review with Scientific Knowledge Mapping in Web of Science," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(16), pages 1-21, August.
    11. Cailin Wang & Jidong Wu & Xin He & Mengqi Ye & Wenhui Liu & Rumei Tang, 2018. "Emerging Trends and New Developments in Disaster Research after the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-19, December.
    12. Wang Guizhou & Zhang Si & Yu Tao & Ning Yu, 2021. "A Systematic Overview of Blockchain Research," Journal of Systems Science and Information, De Gruyter, vol. 9(3), pages 205-238, June.
    13. Francisco Díez-Martín & Giorgia Miotto & Cristina Del-Castillo-Feito, 2024. "The intellectual structure of gender equality research in the business economics literature," Review of Managerial Science, Springer, vol. 18(6), pages 1649-1680, June.
    14. Shuo Xu & Liyuan Hao & Xin An & Hongshen Pang & Ting Li, 2020. "Review on emerging research topics with key-route main path analysis," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 122(1), pages 607-624, January.
    15. Hafize Nurgul Durmus Senyapar & Ramazan Bayindir, 2023. "The Research Agenda on Smart Grids: Foresights for Social Acceptance," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-31, September.
    16. Yuhanis Ladewi & Meiryani Meiryani & Ahmad Syamil & Agustini Agustini & Agustinus Winoto, 2024. "The Relation between Climate Change and Carbon Emission Trading: A Bibliometric Analysis," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 14(1), pages 686-697, January.
    17. Honglei Liu & Jiule Song & Guangbin Wang, 2021. "A Scientometric Review of Smart Construction Site in Construction Engineering and Management: Analysis and Visualization," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-19, August.
    18. Jiaxing Jiang & Lin Fan, 2022. "Visualizing the Knowledge Domain of Language Experience: A Bibliometric Analysis," SAGE Open, , vol. 12(1), pages 21582440211, January.
    19. Jiao Zhang & Qian Wang & Yiping Xia & Katsunori Furuya, 2022. "Knowledge Map of Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development: A Visual Analysis Using CiteSpace," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-24, February.
    20. Hu, Wen & Li, Chun-hua & Ye, Chun & Wang, Ji & Wei, Wei-wei & Deng, Yong, 2019. "Research progress on ecological models in the field of water eutrophication: CiteSpace analysis based on data from the ISI web of science database," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 410(C), pages 1-1.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:juipol:v:97:y:2025:i:c:s0957178725001961. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/utilities-policy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.