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Assessing political bias and value misalignment in generative artificial intelligence

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  • Motoki, Fabio Y.S.
  • Pinho Neto, Valdemar
  • Rangel, Victor

Abstract

Our analysis reveals a concerning misalignment of values between ChatGPT and the average American. We also show that ChatGPT displays political leanings when generating text and images, but the degree and direction of skew depend on the theme. Notably, ChatGPT repeatedly refused to generate content representing certain mainstream perspectives, citing concerns over misinformation and bias. As generative AI systems like ChatGPT become ubiquitous, such misalignment with societal norms poses risks of distorting public discourse. Without proper safeguards, these systems threaten to exacerbate societal divides and depart from principles that underpin free societies.

Suggested Citation

  • Motoki, Fabio Y.S. & Pinho Neto, Valdemar & Rangel, Victor, 2025. "Assessing political bias and value misalignment in generative artificial intelligence," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 234(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jeborg:v:234:y:2025:i:c:s0167268125000241
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2025.106904
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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • C89 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs - - - Other
    • D83 - Microeconomics - - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty - - - Search; Learning; Information and Knowledge; Communication; Belief; Unawareness
    • L86 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Services - - - Information and Internet Services; Computer Software
    • Z00 - Other Special Topics - - General - - - General

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