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Fire economy and actor network of forest and land fires in Indonesia

Author

Listed:
  • Purnomo, Herry
  • Shantiko, Bayuni
  • Sitorus, Soaduon
  • Gunawan, Harris
  • Achdiawan, Ramadhani
  • Kartodihardjo, Hariadi
  • Dewayani, Ade Ayu

Abstract

Forest and land fires are a recurrent phenomena in Indonesia and little progress has been made in reducing their occurrence. The mineral and peat fire in 2015 burnt 2.6millionhectares, mostly in the provinces of Riau, South Sumatra, Jambi, Central Kalimantan, West Kalimantan and Papua, and costed USD16.1 billion as estimated by the World Bank in 2015. Although only 30% of the fire was on peatland area, it had a much higher impact than that on mineral land because of its fire density. Fires in Indonesia are caused by human both individually or collectively. Indonesian President Joko Widodo has committed to reducing fire during his term of office. Government actions have focused on fire suppression, biophysical and technological issues such as canal blocking and an early warning system. Significant actions on the underlying causes of fires such as providing economy incentives for land preparation without burning are rare. We conducted a political economy study of fire and haze to provide policy makers with an understanding of the economic, social and political causes of forest and land fires. The study focused on four districts in Riau Province, which experienced fires and forest transition to palm oil plantations. We collected social, policy and economy data from survey in ex post fire sites and carried out focus group discussions with the key stakeholders. We implemented value chain and social network analyses to the collected data. We found a diversity of actors were involved and gaining benefits from fires. We found that farmer group organizers obtained enormous benefits, as much as USD486 per hectare. These actors influence decision-making processes through their patronage network for their own interests. The networks provide power, support, protection and access to various resources. To effectively reduce fire, governments need to disempower these farmer group organizers through law and policy.

Suggested Citation

  • Purnomo, Herry & Shantiko, Bayuni & Sitorus, Soaduon & Gunawan, Harris & Achdiawan, Ramadhani & Kartodihardjo, Hariadi & Dewayani, Ade Ayu, 2017. "Fire economy and actor network of forest and land fires in Indonesia," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 21-31.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:forpol:v:78:y:2017:i:c:p:21-31
    DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2017.01.001
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Meine Noordwijk & Fahmuddin Agus & Sonya Dewi & Herry Purnomo, 2014. "Reducing emissions from land use in Indonesia: motivation, policy instruments and expected funding streams," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 19(6), pages 677-692, August.
    2. Luca Tacconi, 2016. "Preventing fires and haze in Southeast Asia," Nature Climate Change, Nature, vol. 6(7), pages 640-643, July.
    3. Naazneen H. Barma & Kai Kaiser & Tuan Minh Le & Lorena Vinuela, 2012. "Rents to Riches? The Political Economy of Natural Resource-led Development," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 2381, December.
    4. Luca Tacconi & Frank Jotzo & R. Grafton, 2008. "Local causes, regional co-operation and global financing for environmental problems: the case of Southeast Asian Haze pollution," International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics, Springer, vol. 8(1), pages 1-16, March.
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