IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/finlet/v86y2025ipds1544612325018926.html

Intraday and overnight return anomalies: Evidence from 11.6 million price observations

Author

Listed:
  • Zirk-Sadowski, Jan
  • Hryckiewicz, Aneta

Abstract

This study examines the influence of investment horizons on market anomalies, focusing on intraday and overnight trading data from small-capitalization stocks listed on the New York Stock Exchange. Modelling a dataset of 12 million trading observations across investment horizons ranging from 30 s to 60 min, we apply bootstrapped ANOVA models to explore temporal patterns in returns, explaining up to 63 % of the variation. Our findings identify a significant hour effect at 11 AM, particularly robust for a 45-and 60-minute investment horizon, with anomalies persisting from Tuesday to Thursday. Notably, a reversed morning effect is observed on Mondays, occurring at 10 AM. These results reveal that market anomalies are contingent on investment horizons, suggesting that longer durations expose inefficiencies less apparent at shorter intervals. This study contributes to the literature on intraday dynamics, revealing how time horizons shape market behavior and anomalies.

Suggested Citation

  • Zirk-Sadowski, Jan & Hryckiewicz, Aneta, 2025. "Intraday and overnight return anomalies: Evidence from 11.6 million price observations," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 86(PD).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:finlet:v:86:y:2025:i:pd:s1544612325018926
    DOI: 10.1016/j.frl.2025.108638
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1544612325018926
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.frl.2025.108638?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to

    for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. F. Cribari-Neto & S. G. Zarkos, 1999. "Bootstrap methods for heteroskedastic regression models: evidence on estimation and testing," Econometric Reviews, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 18(2), pages 211-228.
    2. Andreas Oehler & Matthias Horn & Stefan Wendt, 2024. "Investment in risky assets and participation in the financial market: does financial literacy matter?," International Review of Economics, Springer;Happiness Economics and Interpersonal Relations (HEIRS), vol. 71(1), pages 19-45, March.
    3. Lou, Dong & Polk, Christopher & Skouras, Spyros, 2019. "A tug of war: Overnight versus intraday expected returns," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 134(1), pages 192-213.
    4. Horn, Matthias & Schneider, Julian & Oehler, Andreas, 2024. "Do transactions on social trading platforms predict the stock market behavior of the aggregate private sector?," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 66(C).
    5. Berkman, Henk & Koch, Paul D. & Tuttle, Laura & Zhang, Ying Jenny, 2012. "Paying Attention: Overnight Returns and the Hidden Cost of Buying at the Open," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 47(4), pages 715-741, August.
    6. Barberis, Nicholas & Thaler, Richard, 2003. "A survey of behavioral finance," Handbook of the Economics of Finance, in: G.M. Constantinides & M. Harris & R. M. Stulz (ed.), Handbook of the Economics of Finance, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 18, pages 1053-1128, Elsevier.
    7. Brock, William A. & Kleidon, Allan W., 1992. "Periodic market closure and trading volume : A model of intraday bids and asks," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 16(3-4), pages 451-489.
    8. Akbas, Ferhat & Armstrong, Will J. & Sorescu, Sorin & Subrahmanyam, Avanidhar, 2015. "Smart money, dumb money, and capital market anomalies," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 118(2), pages 355-382.
    9. Pigorsch, Uta & Schäfer, Sebastian, 2024. "Reversal of Monday returns: It is the afternoon that matters," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
    10. Steven L. Heston & Robert A. Korajczyk & Ronnie Sadka, 2010. "Intraday Patterns in the Cross‐section of Stock Returns," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 65(4), pages 1369-1407, August.
    11. Andersen, Torben G. & Bollerslev, Tim, 1997. "Intraday periodicity and volatility persistence in financial markets," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 4(2-3), pages 115-158, June.
    12. Aslan, Aylin & Sensoy, Ahmet, 2020. "Intraday efficiency-frequency nexus in the cryptocurrency markets," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 35(C).
    13. Gibbons, Michael R & Hess, Patrick, 1981. "Day of the Week Effects and Asset Returns," The Journal of Business, University of Chicago Press, vol. 54(4), pages 579-596, October.
    14. Chenghuan Sean Chu & Marc Rysman, 2019. "Competition and Strategic Incentives in the Market for Credit Ratings: Empirics of the Financial Crisis of 2007," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 109(10), pages 3514-3555, October.
    15. Shleifer, Andrei & Vishny, Robert W, 1990. "Equilibrium Short Horizons of Investors and Firms," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 80(2), pages 148-153, May.
    16. French, Kenneth R., 1980. "Stock returns and the weekend effect," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 8(1), pages 55-69, March.
    17. Vincent Bogousslavsky, 2016. "Infrequent Rebalancing, Return Autocorrelation, and Seasonality," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 71(6), pages 2967-3006, December.
    18. Daniel Kahneman & Amos Tversky, 2013. "Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decision Under Risk," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Leonard C MacLean & William T Ziemba (ed.), HANDBOOK OF THE FUNDAMENTALS OF FINANCIAL DECISION MAKING Part I, chapter 6, pages 99-127, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    19. Mueller, Lukas, 2024. "Revisiting seasonality in cryptocurrencies," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    20. Jegadeesh, Narasimhan & Titman, Sheridan, 2023. "Momentum: Evidence and insights 30 years later," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    21. Hakan Berument & Halil Kiymaz, 2001. "The day of the week effect on stock market volatility," Journal of Economics and Finance, Springer;Academy of Economics and Finance, vol. 25(2), pages 181-193, June.
    22. Bogousslavsky, Vincent, 2021. "The cross-section of intraday and overnight returns," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 141(1), pages 172-194.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Chang, Hui-Wen & Tseng, Shiang-Ting & Yang, Nien-Tzu, 2026. "Asset pricing and a tale of night and day: Evidence from Taiwan," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 95(C).
    2. Akbas, Ferhat & Boehmer, Ekkehart & Jiang, Chao & Koch, Paul D., 2022. "Overnight returns, daytime reversals, and future stock returns," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 145(3), pages 850-875.
    3. Guo, Jiaqi & Han, Xing & Li, Kai & Li, Youwei, 2025. "The nexus of overnight trend and asset prices in China," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 170(C).
    4. Dinesh Gajurel & Biplob Chowdhury, 2021. "Realized Volatility, Jump and Beta: evidence from Canadian Stock Market," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 53(55), pages 6376-6397, November.
    5. Bogousslavsky, Vincent, 2021. "The cross-section of intraday and overnight returns," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 141(1), pages 172-194.
    6. Lu, Zhongjin & Malliaris, Steven & Qin, Zhongling, 2023. "Heterogeneous liquidity providers and night-minus-day return predictability," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 148(3), pages 175-200.
    7. Insana, Alessandra, 2022. "Does systematic risk change when markets close? An analysis using stocks’ beta," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 109(C).
    8. Rui Fan & Oleksandr Talavera & Vu Tran, 2023. "Social media and price discovery: The case of cross‐listed firms," Journal of Financial Research, Southern Finance Association;Southwestern Finance Association, vol. 46(1), pages 151-167, February.
    9. Baltussen, Guido & Da, Zhi & Lammers, Sten & Martens, Martin, 2021. "Hedging demand and market intraday momentum," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 142(1), pages 377-403.
    10. Kallinterakis, Vasileios & Karaa, Rabaa, 2023. "From dusk till dawn (and vice versa): Overnight-versus-daytime reversals and feedback trading," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).
    11. Kelley Bergsma & Andy Fodor & Vijay Singal & Jitendra Tayal, 2020. "Option trading after the opening bell and intraday stock return predictability," Financial Management, Financial Management Association International, vol. 49(3), pages 769-804, September.
    12. Harrison Hong & Jiang Wang, 2000. "Trading and Returns under Periodic Market Closures," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 55(1), pages 297-354, February.
    13. Xu, Dezhong & Li, Bin & Singh, Tarlok & Chen, Xiaoyue & Li, Jinze, 2025. "Cross-market overnight time-series momentum," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 105(C).
    14. Saketh Aleti & Tim Bollerslev & Mathias Siggaard, 2025. "Intraday Market Return Predictability Culled from the Factor Zoo," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 71(9), pages 7731-7751, September.
    15. Hendershott, Terrence & Livdan, Dmitry & Rösch, Dominik, 2020. "Asset pricing: A tale of night and day," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 138(3), pages 635-662.
    16. Marie‐Eve Lachance, 2023. "Night trading: Lower risk but higher returns?," Review of Financial Economics, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 41(4), pages 347-363, October.
    17. Yuan, Xianghui & Li, Xiang, 2022. "Delta-hedging demand and intraday momentum: Evidence from China," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 600(C).
    18. Kang, Junqing & Lin, Shen & Xiong, Xiong, 2022. "What drives intraday reversal? illiquidity or liquidity oversupply?," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 136(C).
    19. Trabelsi, Mohamed Ali, 2010. "Choix de portefeuille: comparaison des différentes stratégies [Portfolio selection: comparison of different strategies]," MPRA Paper 82946, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 01 Dec 2010.
    20. Mohamed CHIKHI & Ali BENDOB & Ahmed Ramzi SIAGH, 2019. "Day-of-the-week and month-of-the-year effects on French Small-Cap Volatility: the role of asymmetry and long memory," Eastern Journal of European Studies, Centre for European Studies, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, vol. 10, pages 221-248, December.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    JEL classification:

    • G10 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - General (includes Measurement and Data)
    • G14 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Information and Market Efficiency; Event Studies; Insider Trading
    • C63 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling - - - Computational Techniques

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:finlet:v:86:y:2025:i:pd:s1544612325018926. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/frl .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.