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Bi-level multi-objective capacity configuration of the wind-pv-storage traction power supply system considering supply-demand reliability

Author

Listed:
  • Su, Zhaoxu
  • Tian, Mingxing
  • Huang, Qiang
  • Liu, Yuantao
  • Liu, Jiajia
  • Liu, Guoqing
  • Qiang, Fabin

Abstract

Traction power supply systems (TPSS) are evolving from passive loads to active participants in modern power systems. Yet, current capacity configuration lacks a unified framework to ensure reliable interaction between combined wind-photovoltaic-storage TPSS (CWPS-TPSS) and the main grid, while fully exploiting renewable complementarities. To address this gap, this paper proposes a bi-level multi-objective coordinated capacity configuration strategy that explicitly considers supply-demand reliability. In the planning layer, the objective is to minimize annualized investment cost by determining optimal capacities for wind power (WP), photovoltaic generation (PV), energy storage systems (ESS), and traction transformers (TT). In the operation layer, a state-of-charge (SOC)-based optimization is introduced to enhance ESS robustness. Source-load fluctuation and the average traction load loss probability are adopted as reliability indicators, ensuring a balance between daily operational costs and interactive power reliability. To tackle the computational complexity, a surrogate-assisted multi-objective improved dung beetle optimizer (SA-MOIDBO) is developed, using Kriging surrogate modeling to approximate the Pareto front efficiently. A case study on a planned railway line in western China demonstrates notable advantages over a conventional TPSS. The daily economic cost and the carbon trading cost are reduced by average values of 54.45 %and 88.00 %. The degree of matching between renewable generation and traction load increases by 51.79 %, and the dependence on the external grid decreases by 87.00 %. Furthermore, incorporating the initial SOC in the operation layer reduces the economic deviation by up to 0.72 × 105 CNY. These findings verify the necessity of initial SOC based operation and confirm that SA MOIDBO provides an effective and computationally efficient tool for CWPS TPSS capacity planning.

Suggested Citation

  • Su, Zhaoxu & Tian, Mingxing & Huang, Qiang & Liu, Yuantao & Liu, Jiajia & Liu, Guoqing & Qiang, Fabin, 2026. "Bi-level multi-objective capacity configuration of the wind-pv-storage traction power supply system considering supply-demand reliability," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 342(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:342:y:2026:i:c:s0360544225052491
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.139607
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