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A methodology for integrating hydrogen refueling stations in multi-microgrids and coordination of distribution systems and transmission system

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  • Han, Gao
  • Pan, Haiyang
  • Liu, Yanming
  • Li, Qian
  • Wang, Ping

Abstract

The crucial role of hydrogen refueling stations (HRSs) is to feed hydrogen demands of transportation sector. Although the future power and energy systems must be 100 % renewable, the integration of 100 % renewable HRSs in 100 % renewable multi-microgrids with coordination of distribution system operator (DSO) and transmission system operator (TSO) has not been addressed in the literature, so, the main objective of this research is to develop a framework for integration of 100 % renewable HRSs in 100 % renewable multi-microgrids considering DSO-TSO coordination. The first layer of the developed four-layer framework is devoted to HRSs; the second and third layers are respectively devoted to multi-microgrids and DSO and the final layer includes the TSO model. The results approve the efficacy of the proposed hierarchical framework for the integration of 100 % renewable HRSs in 100 % renewable multi-microgrids with DSO-TSO coordination. The results indicate that batteries increase the expected profit of all microgrids (MGs), but decrease the expected profit of DSOs. The results confirm that the responsiveness of hydrogen demands increases the expected profit of all HRSs.

Suggested Citation

  • Han, Gao & Pan, Haiyang & Liu, Yanming & Li, Qian & Wang, Ping, 2025. "A methodology for integrating hydrogen refueling stations in multi-microgrids and coordination of distribution systems and transmission system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 322(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:322:y:2025:i:c:s0360544225012769
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.135634
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