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Unlocking the potential of hydrogen refueling stations and phase shifters for power system resilience: a decentralised methodology

Author

Listed:
  • Ma, Su
  • Liu, Lu
  • Cheng, Haozhong
  • Zhang, Xiaohu
  • Xu, Ling
  • Lou, Wei

Abstract

High-impact natural disasters like flood, hurricane, windstorm and earthquake can interrupt the service of multiple power system components, leaving a large number of consumers without electricity. Power systems must be resilient, ensuring they can meet a substantial share of electricity demand even under extreme events. The increasing pace of climate change has intensified the frequency and severity of extreme events, highlighting the need for greater research efforts on power system resilience. In this research, the potential of hydrogen refueling stations (HRSs) as well as phase shifters are unlocked to enhance the resilience of power systems. The operators of HRSs receive flexibility request signals from power system operator and decide how to schedule themselves to increase their profit. The operator of power system exploits the flexibility of HRSs to increase its resilience. Power system operator also uses the potential of its phase shifters to increase its resilience. A decentralised methodology based on alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) is used in which the objectives of power system operator and HRS operators are considered. The uncertainties in the failed transmission lines, hurricane time and repair time of transmission lines are taken into account. Simulations are done in MATLAB. The findings in an IEEE 24-bus power system show that HRSs and phase shifters considerably reduce ELNS. During extreme events, HRSs inject electricity into power grid; the power flow control capability of phase shifters reduces transmission system congestion during hurricanes and improves system resilience. The results show that responsive demands significantly decrease ELNS. The effect of the location, size and total number of phase shifters on power system resilience has also been investigated. As per the results, the location of phase shifters significantly impacts power system resilience. The findings show that altering the phase shifter location may change ELNS by 54 %.

Suggested Citation

  • Ma, Su & Liu, Lu & Cheng, Haozhong & Zhang, Xiaohu & Xu, Ling & Lou, Wei, 2025. "Unlocking the potential of hydrogen refueling stations and phase shifters for power system resilience: a decentralised methodology," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 339(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:339:y:2025:i:c:s0360544225045797
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.138937
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