Fuzzy optimal scheduling of hydrogen-integrated energy systems with uncertainties of renewable generation considering hydrogen equipment under multiple conditions

Developing hydrogen-integrated energy systems (HIES) represents a cutting-edge strategy for harnessing renewable energy (RE). However, the inherent unpredictability and variability of RE significantly increase the operational uncertainty of HIES, which leads to severe energy curtailment issues when HIES integrates large-scale RE, necessitating greater operational flexibility in the system. To address the challenges, this paper proposes a fuzzy optimal scheduling approach for HIES that considers the hydrogen equipment under multiple operating conditions. The analysis begins by examining the operational mechanisms of hydrogen equipment. Subsequently, a multi-conditions model is developed for electrolyzers, while a reserve model is established for hydrogen fuel cells. Furthermore, the fuzzy chance constraint (FCC) is employed to quantify the uncertainty of RE generation. An integrated demand response mechanism is implemented, incorporating human thermal comfort and building thermal inertia. Finally, a fuzzy optimization scheduling model for HIES is constructed to minimize the total operating costs. The crisp equivalent of FCC is derived to solve this model, thereby transforming the scheduling model based on fuzzy chance-constrained programming into a solvable mixed-integer programming model. The simulation results indicate that the proposed scheduling method can reduce the overall costs of the HIES by 17.98 % and increase the RE accommodation rate by 19.67 %, validating the effectiveness of the method in enhancing the operational flexibility of the HIES. In addition, this study achieves a balance between economic efficiency and reliability, offering a better economy, lower energy curtailment rates, and faster decision-making times compared to robust optimization, scenario analysis, and other common fuzzy optimization methods.