IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/energy/v323y2025ics0360544225014847.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Effects of n-butanol blending on soot and NO formation in biodiesel/air co-flow diffusion flame

Author

Listed:
  • Zheng, Shu
  • Lv, Zichen
  • Yang, Yu
  • Liu, Hao
  • Lu, Qiang

Abstract

Biodiesel can significantly reduce the emissions of soot and other pollutants. However, NOx emission from biodiesel combustion will increase significantly. N-butanol can reduce the flame temperature of biodiesel thus affecting NOx emission. The effects of soot and NO formation in the biodiesel/n-butanol co-flow diffusion flames with different blending ratios under the condition of carbon mass flow rate conservation were studied. The results showed that the n-butanol blending decreased the peak soot volume fraction (SVF) by 60.9 % and was mainly attributable to the decrease in Hydrogen Abstraction Carbon Addition (HACA) rates. The decrease of C2H2 concentration decreased the concentration of C3H3 and inhibited A1 formation. The decrease in benzo[a]styrene (BAPYR) concentration was caused by the decreases of C2H2 and A1 concentrations, through the reaction pathway A1/C7H7→INDENE→INDENYL→A2R5→A2R5-/A4→BAPYR. The OH and O2 oxidation processes were inhibited in the biodiesel/n-butanol flames due to the reduction of SVF through the soot condensation process. The concentration of NO decreased by 62.0 %, the decrease of H and OH radicals inhibited the formation of NO, while the decrease of O radicals inhibited the consumption of NO. Overall, the main reason for the decrease of soot concentration was the decrease of C2H2 concentration and the inhibition of HACA process. The reason of inhibiting NO was the promoting effect of H and OH free radicals on NO formation was greater than the inhibiting effect of O free radicals.

Suggested Citation

  • Zheng, Shu & Lv, Zichen & Yang, Yu & Liu, Hao & Lu, Qiang, 2025. "Effects of n-butanol blending on soot and NO formation in biodiesel/air co-flow diffusion flame," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 323(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:323:y:2025:i:c:s0360544225014847
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.135842
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544225014847
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.energy.2025.135842?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:323:y:2025:i:c:s0360544225014847. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    We have no bibliographic references for this item. You can help adding them by using this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.