IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v15y2022i22p8523-d972754.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Comparative Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Toxicity in a Diesel Engine Powered by Diesel and Biodiesel Blends with High Concentrations of Alcohols

Author

Listed:
  • Nadir Yilmaz

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA)

  • Alpaslan Atmanli

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Defense University, Ankara 06654, Turkey)

  • Francisco M. Vigil

    (Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA)

  • Burl Donaldson

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA)

Abstract

Higher carbon alcohols such as n -propanol, n -butanol, and n -pentanol that can be produced from biomass can be used as alternative fuels in diesel engines. These alcohols can mix with both diesel fuel and biodiesel without any phase separation. Currently, unregulated emissions such as toxicity and total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) from the use of these alcohols are not monitored. Investigating the effects of increasing the alternative fuel concentration for use in a diesel engine on PAH emissions will contribute to the protection of the environment and extend the engine’s operating life. In this study, the effects of adding 35% (by volume) n -propanol, n -butanol and n -pentanol to diesel and biodiesel on unregulated emissions in a diesel engine were compared. In the total PAH emission of biodiesel, the mixture containing n -pentanol stood out compared to other mixtures with a decrease of 39.17%. In higher alcohol-diesel mixtures, the highest reduction was observed in the n -butanol mixture as 80.98%. With respect to toxic emissions, very close values were obtained in biodiesel blends up to 94.15%, although n -butanol showed a maximum reduction of 84.33% in diesel blends. All these reductions also prevented the formation of high-cycle PAHs. The results obtained showed that the use of high carbon alcohols in a high mixing ratio contributed to the improvement of the fuel properties of biodiesel and to an increase in the alternative fuel mixing ratio with the reduction of PAH emissions from diesel fuel.

Suggested Citation

  • Nadir Yilmaz & Alpaslan Atmanli & Francisco M. Vigil & Burl Donaldson, 2022. "Comparative Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Toxicity in a Diesel Engine Powered by Diesel and Biodiesel Blends with High Concentrations of Alcohols," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(22), pages 1-10, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:22:p:8523-:d:972754
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/22/8523/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/22/8523/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Datta, Ambarish & Mandal, Bijan Kumar, 2017. "Engine performance, combustion and emission characteristics of a compression ignition engine operating on different biodiesel-alcohol blends," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 470-483.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Pachiannan, Tamilselvan & Zhong, Wenjun & Rajkumar, Sundararajan & He, Zhixia & Leng, Xianying & Wang, Qian, 2019. "A literature review of fuel effects on performance and emission characteristics of low-temperature combustion strategies," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 251(C), pages 1-1.
    2. Wei, Jiangjun & He, Chengjun & Lv, Gang & Zhuang, Yuan & Qian, Yejian & Pan, Suozhu, 2021. "The combustion, performance and emissions investigation of a dual-fuel diesel engine using silicon dioxide nanoparticle additives to methanol," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 230(C).
    3. Doppalapudi, A.T. & Azad, A.K. & Khan, M.M.K., 2023. "Advanced strategies to reduce harmful nitrogen-oxide emissions from biodiesel fueled engine," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 174(C).
    4. Hoseini, S.S. & Najafi, G. & Ghobadian, B. & Rahimi, A. & Yusaf, Talal & Mamat, Rizalman & Sidik, N.A.C. & Azmi, W.H., 2017. "Effects of biodiesel fuel obtained from Salvia macrosiphon oil (ultrasonic-assisted) on performance and emissions of diesel engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 131(C), pages 289-296.
    5. Aydın, Selman, 2020. "Comprehensive analysis of combustion, performance and emissions of power generator diesel engine fueled with different source of biodiesel blends," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 205(C).
    6. Masera, Kemal & Hossain, Abul K. & Davies, Philip A. & Doudin, Khalid, 2021. "Investigation of 2-butoxyethanol as biodiesel additive on fuel property and combustion characteristics of two neat biodiesels," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 285-297.
    7. Kumar, A. Naresh & Kishore, P.S. & Raju, K. Brahma & Ashok, B. & Vignesh, R. & Jeevanantham, A.K. & Nanthagopal, K. & Tamilvanan, A., 2020. "Decanol proportional effect prediction model as additive in palm biodiesel using ANN and RSM technique for diesel engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 213(C).
    8. Upendra Rajak & Abhishek Dasore & Prem Kumar Chaurasiya & Tikendra Nath Verma & Prerana Nashine & Anil Kumar, 2023. "Effects of microalgae -ethanol-methanol-diesel blends on the spray characteristics and emissions of a diesel engine," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 25(1), pages 1-22, January.
    9. Tolgahan Kaya & Osman Akın Kutlar & Ozgur Oguz Taskiran, 2018. "Evaluation of the Effects of Biodiesel on Emissions and Performance by Comparing the Results of the New European Drive Cycle and Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Cycle," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-14, October.
    10. S. Charan Kumar & Amit Kumar Thakur & J. Ronald Aseer & Sendhil Kumar Natarajan & Rajesh Singh & Neeraj Priyadarshi & Bhekisipho Twala, 2022. "An Experimental Analysis and ANN Based Parameter Optimization of the Influence of Microalgae Spirulina Blends on CI Engine Attributes," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-19, August.
    11. Ghadikolaei, Meisam Ahmadi & Wong, Pak Kin & Cheung, Chun Shun & Ning, Zhi & Yung, Ka-Fu & Zhao, Jing & Gali, Nirmal Kumar & Berenjestanaki, Alireza Valipour, 2021. "Impact of lower and higher alcohols on the physicochemical properties of particulate matter from diesel engines: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
    12. Guirong Wu & Jun Cong Ge & Nag Jung Choi, 2021. "Effect of Ethanol Additives on Combustion and Emissions of a Diesel Engine Fueled by Palm Oil Biodiesel at Idling Speed," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-12, March.
    13. Rajak, Upendra & Nashine, Prerana & Verma, Tikendra Nath, 2019. "Characteristics of microalgae spirulina biodiesel with the impact of n-butanol addition on a CI engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C).
    14. Jiang, Zhengwei & Gan, Yunhua & Ju, Yiguang & Liang, Jialin & Zhou, Yi, 2019. "Experimental study on the electrospray and combustion characteristics of biodiesel-ethanol blends in a meso-scale combustor," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 843-849.
    15. Simsek, Suleyman & Uslu, Samet & Simsek, Hatice, 2022. "Proportional impact prediction model of animal waste fat-derived biodiesel by ANN and RSM technique for diesel engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PD).
    16. Mukhtar, M.N.A. & Hagos, Ftwi Y. & Noor, M.M. & Mamat, Rizalman & Abdullah, A. Adam & Abd Aziz, Abd Rashid, 2019. "Tri-fuel emulsion with secondary atomization attributes for greener diesel engine – A critical review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 490-506.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:22:p:8523-:d:972754. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.