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Effect of catalysts on performance and emission in a combustion diesel engine using biodiesel derived from non-edible plant "Handal": Case study in Jordan

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  • Al-Hwaiti, Mohammad
  • Al-Rawashdeh, Hani
  • H. Alhabahbeh, Njoud
  • Gomaa, Mohamed R.

Abstract

As petroleum prices rise and the demand for environmentally friendly fuels increases, biodiesel has emerged as a promising alternative energy source. This study explores the potential of Fe2O3 nanocatalysts to optimize biodiesel production by enhancing yield recovery, transesterification reactions, production capacity, engine performance, and emissions. The catalytic performance of NaOH, KOH, Fe2O3, and NaOCH3 was evaluated for biodiesel production from the Handal plant. Among these, NaOCH3 demonstrated the highest biodiesel yield at 99.4 %, underscoring its efficiency. The performance and emission characteristics of Handal biodiesel blends, B20 (20 % Handal biodiesel, 80 % diesel) and B80 (80 % Handal biodiesel, 20 % diesel), were compared to pure diesel (B0). B80 exhibited superior brake power and reduced hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions compared to B20 and B0, while NOx emissions increased with engine speed. Notably, B0 emitted higher NOx emissions than both biodiesel blends. These results suggest that Handal biodiesel, particularly in higher blends like B80, can serve as a viable alternative fuel for internal combustion engines, contributing to sustainable energy solutions.

Suggested Citation

  • Al-Hwaiti, Mohammad & Al-Rawashdeh, Hani & H. Alhabahbeh, Njoud & Gomaa, Mohamed R., 2025. "Effect of catalysts on performance and emission in a combustion diesel engine using biodiesel derived from non-edible plant "Handal": Case study in Jordan," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 321(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:321:y:2025:i:c:s0360544225010746
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.135432
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