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Reversible high-temperature heat pump/ORC for waste heat recovery in various ships: A techno-economic assessment

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  • Kosmadakis, George
  • Neofytou, Panagiotis

Abstract

An alternative waste heat recovery solution for ships is examined, relying on a reversible unit. This unit switches its operation between an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) for electricity production and a high-temperature heat pump (HTHP) for steam generation, using the refrigerant R1233zd(E), with the compressor/expander operating with a similar volume ratio that favors the performance. The waste heat of the engine's cooling water is exploited, when the ship is both at sea and at port, increasing the capacity factor. The performance of each mode has been examined at reference conditions in relation to the heat exchangers' sizing for the same compressor/expander, showing that the evaporator should be as large as possible to maximize the efficiency. The costs have been then assessed and compared with HTHP-only and ORC-only solutions, leading to the cost-optimal sizing that minimizes the discounted payback period (PBP). The reversible unit has been then up-scaled to match the steam needs and waste heat availability of several ship types, calculating the net fuel savings and PBP. The latter becomes much shorter than the one of the individual solutions, and ranges from 3.5 to 5 years, reduced to less than 4 years in case the fuel prices increase by 20%.

Suggested Citation

  • Kosmadakis, George & Neofytou, Panagiotis, 2022. "Reversible high-temperature heat pump/ORC for waste heat recovery in various ships: A techno-economic assessment," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 256(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:256:y:2022:i:c:s0360544222015377
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2022.124634
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    5. Ouyang, Tiancheng & Pan, Mingming & Tan, Xianlin & Li, Lulu & Huang, Youbin & Mo, Chunlan, 2024. "Power prediction and packed bed heat storage control for marine diesel engine waste heat recovery," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 357(C).
    6. Cendoya, Aitor & Ransy, Frederic & Guo, Bentao & Hernandez, Andres & Dumont, Olivier & Lemort, Vincent, 2026. "Design and modelling of a reversible HP/ORC Carnot battery tailored for waste heat integration in flooded mines," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 404(C).
    7. Barberis, Stefano & Shamsi, Syed Safeer Mehdi & Traverso, Alberto, 2025. "sCO2-based thermally integrated-pumped thermal energy storage (TI-PTES) integrating freely available heat sources in both charging and discharging cycles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 334(C).
    8. Li, Tailu & Zhang, Yao & Wang, Jingyi & Jin, Fengyun & Gao, Ruizhao, 2024. "Techno-economic and environmental performance of a novel thermal station characterized by electric power generation recovery as by-product," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 221(C).
    9. Charalampidis, Antonios & Roumpedakis, Tryfon C. & Sarantopoulos, Nikolaos & Karellas, Sotirios, 2025. "Experimental evaluation of a hybrid small-scale reversible heat pump/ORC system coupled with an adsorption chiller," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 250(C).

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