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Single-step catalytic deoxygenation of palm feedstocks for the production of sustainable bio-jet fuel

Author

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  • Why, Elaine Siew Kuan
  • Ong, Hwai Chyuan
  • Lee, Hwei Voon
  • Chen, Wei-Hsin
  • Asikin-Mijan, N.
  • Varman, Mahendra
  • Loh, Wen Jing

Abstract

The production of jet fuel from renewable source (i.e., biomass) has been improving since the past few years. In Malaysia, palm-based biomass is being widely studied for the production of transportation fuels due to its abundant supply. Hence, this study focused on the production of bio-jet fuel from different types of palm oil (e.g., palm-based waste cooking oil, palm olein, palm kernel oil) through deoxygenation process. Several types of deoxygenation catalysts (e.g., CaO, Zeolite, V2O5, Pd/C, TiO2) were selected to investigate the efficiency of jet fuel-based hydrocarbon production under condition of 400 °C for 2 h with different catalyst loading (e.g., 0 wt%, 5 wt%, 6 wt%, 7 wt%, 8 wt%, 9 wt% and 10 wt%). The physico-chemical properties of yielded liquid fuel were tested by using GC-MS analyses, as well as density, kinematic viscosity, cloud point, pour point, smoke point, flash point and final boiling point. The deoxygenation of PKO over Pd/C at 8 wt% yielded the highest molar concentration of 96% liquid product (e.g., n-paraffins, isoparaffins, olefins, naphthenes, aromatic) and 73% of jet paraffins selectivity (C8–C16) under 400 °C for 2 h. In addition, the physicochemical properties of palm-based liquid fuel are complied with standard Jet A-1 fuel, in accordance to ASTM standards. The low temperature fluidity, combustion characteristics, and fuel volatility of this liquid product were comparable to Jet A-1 fuel.

Suggested Citation

  • Why, Elaine Siew Kuan & Ong, Hwai Chyuan & Lee, Hwei Voon & Chen, Wei-Hsin & Asikin-Mijan, N. & Varman, Mahendra & Loh, Wen Jing, 2022. "Single-step catalytic deoxygenation of palm feedstocks for the production of sustainable bio-jet fuel," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PB).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:239:y:2022:i:pb:s0360544221022659
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2021.122017
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    2. Zhang, Qiongyin & Xiao, Jun & Hao, Jingwen, 2023. "Cumulative exergy analysis of lignocellulosic biomass to bio-jet fuel through aqueous-phase conversion with different lignin conversion pathways," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 265(C).
    3. Emmanouilidou, Elissavet & Mitkidou, Sophia & Agapiou, Agapios & Kokkinos, Nikolaos C., 2023. "Solid waste biomass as a potential feedstock for producing sustainable aviation fuel: A systematic review," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C), pages 897-907.
    4. Tang, Hongbiao & Lin, Jiayu & Cao, Yang & Jibran, Khalil & Li, Jin, 2022. "Influence of NiMoP phase on hydrodeoxygenation pathways of jatropha oil," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 243(C).

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