IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/energy/v166y2019icp819-833.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Experimental investigation of the performance and wake effect of a small-scale wind turbine in a wind tunnel

Author

Listed:
  • Dou, Bingzheng
  • Guala, Michele
  • Lei, Liping
  • Zeng, Pan

Abstract

The wake of upstream wind turbines is known to affect the operation of downstream turbines and the efficiency of the wind farm. In this study, a systematic experimentation on performance and wake spatial evolution was carried out using a wind turbine model varying tip speed ratio, pitch and yaw angles. The change of pitch angle was observed to induce a greater effect on the wake velocity as compared to the tip speed ratio. This is interpreted in terms of “force viewpoint”, which describes more quantitatively the relationship between the turbine performance and the wake, as compared to the “power viewpoint”, based on the sole energy conversion. The turbine yaw angle is observed to cause not only a decrease in power and thrust, but also an offset and an asymmetry in the wake. The offset, quantified using the spatial distribution of the velocity minima, is modeled analytically. Comparisons of model estimations with the experimental measurements show that the proposed model can acceptably predict the wake offset of a yawed turbine. The observed dependencies of the mean velocity deficit and wake turbulence on power, thrust, and yaw angle, may suggest new derating strategies for wind farm optimization.

Suggested Citation

  • Dou, Bingzheng & Guala, Michele & Lei, Liping & Zeng, Pan, 2019. "Experimental investigation of the performance and wake effect of a small-scale wind turbine in a wind tunnel," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 166(C), pages 819-833.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:166:y:2019:i:c:p:819-833
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2018.10.103
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544218320930
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.energy.2018.10.103?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Li, Qing'an & Murata, Junsuke & Endo, Masayuki & Maeda, Takao & Kamada, Yasunari, 2016. "Experimental and numerical investigation of the effect of turbulent inflow on a Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (Part I: Power performance)," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 713-722.
    2. Shakoor, Rabia & Hassan, Mohammad Yusri & Raheem, Abdur & Wu, Yuan-Kang, 2016. "Wake effect modeling: A review of wind farm layout optimization using Jensen׳s model," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 1048-1059.
    3. Xie, Wei & Zeng, Pan & Lei, Liping, 2017. "Wind tunnel testing and improved blade element momentum method for umbrella-type rotor of horizontal axis wind turbine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 119(C), pages 334-350.
    4. Stevens, Richard J.A.M. & Martínez-Tossas, Luis A. & Meneveau, Charles, 2018. "Comparison of wind farm large eddy simulations using actuator disk and actuator line models with wind tunnel experiments," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 116(PA), pages 470-478.
    5. Wu, Yu-Ting & Porté-Agel, Fernando, 2015. "Modeling turbine wakes and power losses within a wind farm using LES: An application to the Horns Rev offshore wind farm," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 945-955.
    6. Li, Qing'an & Kamada, Yasunari & Maeda, Takao & Murata, Junsuke & Yusuke, Nishida, 2016. "Effect of turbulence on power performance of a Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine in yawed and no-yawed flow conditions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 703-711.
    7. Thé, Jesse & Yu, Hesheng, 2017. "A critical review on the simulations of wind turbine aerodynamics focusing on hybrid RANS-LES methods," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 138(C), pages 257-289.
    8. Xie, Wei & Zeng, Pan & Lei, Liping, 2015. "Wind tunnel experiments for innovative pitch regulated blade of horizontal axis wind turbine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 1070-1080.
    9. Wu, Baigong & Zhang, Xueming & Chen, Jianmei & Xu, Mingqi & Li, Shuangxin & Li, Guangzhe, 2013. "Design of high-efficient and universally applicable blades of tidal stream turbine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 187-194.
    10. Li, Qing'an & Murata, Junsuke & Endo, Masayuki & Maeda, Takao & Kamada, Yasunari, 2016. "Experimental and numerical investigation of the effect of turbulent inflow on a Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (part II: Wake characteristics)," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 1304-1315.
    11. Bastankhah, Majid & Porté-Agel, Fernando, 2014. "A new analytical model for wind-turbine wakes," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 116-123.
    12. Adaramola, M.S. & Krogstad, P.-Å., 2011. "Experimental investigation of wake effects on wind turbine performance," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(8), pages 2078-2086.
    13. Lee, Jaejoon & Son, Eunkuk & Hwang, Byungho & Lee, Soogab, 2013. "Blade pitch angle control for aerodynamic performance optimization of a wind farm," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 124-130.
    14. Wang, Zhenyu & Ozbay, Ahmet & Tian, Wei & Hu, Hui, 2018. "An experimental study on the aerodynamic performances and wake characteristics of an innovative dual-rotor wind turbine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(C), pages 94-109.
    15. de Prada Gil, Mikel & Gomis-Bellmunt, Oriol & Sumper, Andreas & Bergas-Jané, Joan, 2012. "Power generation efficiency analysis of offshore wind farms connected to a SLPC (single large power converter) operated with variable frequencies considering wake effects," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 37(1), pages 455-468.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Dou, Bingzheng & Guala, Michele & Lei, Liping & Zeng, Pan, 2019. "Wake model for horizontal-axis wind and hydrokinetic turbines in yawed conditions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 242(C), pages 1383-1395.
    2. Meng, Haoran & Ma, Zhe & Dou, Bingzheng & Zeng, Pan & Lei, Liping, 2020. "Investigation on the performance of a novel forward-folding rotor used in a downwind horizontal-axis turbine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 190(C).
    3. Fei Zhao & Yihan Gao & Tengyuan Wang & Jinsha Yuan & Xiaoxia Gao, 2020. "Experimental Study on Wake Evolution of a 1.5 MW Wind Turbine in a Complex Terrain Wind Farm Based on LiDAR Measurements," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-14, March.
    4. Yu-Ting Wu & Chang-Yu Lin & Che-Ming Hsu, 2020. "An Experimental Investigation of Wake Characteristics and Power Generation Efficiency of a Small Wind Turbine under Different Tip Speed Ratios," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-19, April.
    5. Jiyong Lee & Mirko Musa & Chris Feist & Jinjin Gao & Lian Shen & Michele Guala, 2019. "Wake Characteristics and Power Performance of a Drag-Driven in-Bank Vertical Axis Hydrokinetic Turbine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(19), pages 1-20, September.
    6. Meng, Haoran & Su, Hao & Guo, Jia & Qu, Timing & Lei, Liping, 2022. "Experimental investigation on the power and thrust characteristics of a wind turbine model subjected to surge and sway motions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 181(C), pages 1325-1337.
    7. Dhiman, Harsh S. & Deb, Dipankar & Foley, Aoife M., 2020. "Lidar assisted wake redirection in wind farms: A data driven approach," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 152(C), pages 484-493.
    8. Dou, Bingzheng & Qu, Timing & Lei, Liping & Zeng, Pan, 2020. "Optimization of wind turbine yaw angles in a wind farm using a three-dimensional yawed wake model," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 209(C).
    9. Pallotta, A. & Pietrogiacomi, D. & Romano, G.P., 2020. "HYBRI – A combined Savonius-Darrieus wind turbine: Performances and flow fields," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 191(C).
    10. Bingzheng Dou & Zhanpei Yang & Michele Guala & Timing Qu & Liping Lei & Pan Zeng, 2020. "Comparison of Different Driving Modes for the Wind Turbine Wake in Wind Tunnels," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-17, April.
    11. He, Ruiyang & Sun, Haiying & Gao, Xiaoxia & Yang, Hongxing, 2022. "Wind tunnel tests for wind turbines: A state-of-the-art review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 166(C).
    12. Wen, Jiahao & Zhou, Lei & Zhang, Hongfu, 2023. "Mode interpretation of blade number effects on wake dynamics of small-scale horizontal axis wind turbine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PA).
    13. Martin Geibel & Galih Bangga, 2022. "Data Reduction and Reconstruction of Wind Turbine Wake Employing Data Driven Approaches," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-40, May.
    14. Zhe Ma & Liping Lei & Earl Dowell & Pan Zeng, 2020. "An Experimental Study on the Actuator Line Method with Anisotropic Regularization Kernel," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-19, February.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Bingzheng Dou & Zhanpei Yang & Michele Guala & Timing Qu & Liping Lei & Pan Zeng, 2020. "Comparison of Different Driving Modes for the Wind Turbine Wake in Wind Tunnels," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-17, April.
    2. He, Ruiyang & Sun, Haiying & Gao, Xiaoxia & Yang, Hongxing, 2022. "Wind tunnel tests for wind turbines: A state-of-the-art review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 166(C).
    3. Li, Qing'an & Cai, Chang & Kamada, Yasunari & Maeda, Takao & Hiromori, Yuto & Zhou, Shuni & Xu, Jianzhong, 2021. "Prediction of power generation of two 30 kW Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines with Gaussian model," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 231(C).
    4. Li, Qing'an & Maeda, Takao & Kamada, Yasunari & Hiromori, Yuto, 2018. "Investigation of wake characteristic of a 30 kW rated power Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine with wake model and field measurement," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 225(C), pages 1190-1204.
    5. Li, Qing'an & Wang, Ye & Kamada, Yasunari & Maeda, Takao & Xu, Jianzhong & Zhou, Shuni & Zhang, Fanghong & Cai, Chang, 2022. "Diagonal inflow effect on the wake characteristics of a horizontal axis wind turbine with Gaussian model and field measurements," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(PB).
    6. Li, Qing'an & Murata, Junsuke & Endo, Masayuki & Maeda, Takao & Kamada, Yasunari, 2016. "Experimental and numerical investigation of the effect of turbulent inflow on a Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (part II: Wake characteristics)," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 1304-1315.
    7. Li, Qing’an & Maeda, Takao & Kamada, Yasunari & Mori, Naoya, 2017. "Investigation of wake effects on a Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine in field experiments (Part I: Horizontal axis direction)," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 482-492.
    8. Li, Qing'an & Maeda, Takao & Kamada, Yasunari & Mori, Naoya, 2017. "Investigation of wake characteristics of a Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine in vertical axis direction with field experiments," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 262-272.
    9. Pawar, Suraj & Sharma, Ashesh & Vijayakumar, Ganesh & Bay, Chrstopher J. & Yellapantula, Shashank & San, Omer, 2022. "Towards multi-fidelity deep learning of wind turbine wakes," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 200(C), pages 867-879.
    10. Liang, Xiaoling & Fu, Shifeng & Cai, Fulin & Han, Xingxing & Zhu, Weijun & Yang, Hua & Shen, Wenzhong, 2023. "Experimental investigation on wake characteristics of wind turbine and a new two-dimensional wake model," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 203(C), pages 373-381.
    11. Zhang, Jincheng & Zhao, Xiaowei, 2020. "A novel dynamic wind farm wake model based on deep learning," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 277(C).
    12. Dhiman, Harsh S. & Deb, Dipankar & Foley, Aoife M., 2020. "Bilateral Gaussian Wake Model Formulation for Wind Farms: A Forecasting based approach," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 127(C).
    13. Dhiman, Harsh S. & Deb, Dipankar & Foley, Aoife M., 2020. "Lidar assisted wake redirection in wind farms: A data driven approach," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 152(C), pages 484-493.
    14. Liu, Weiqi & Liu, Weixing & Zhang, Liang & Sheng, Qihu & Zhou, Binzhen, 2018. "A numerical model for wind turbine wakes based on the vortex filament method," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 561-570.
    15. De-Zhi Wei & Ni-Na Wang & De-Cheng Wan, 2021. "Modelling Yawed Wind Turbine Wakes: Extension of a Gaussian-Based Wake Model," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-26, July.
    16. Rubel C. Das & Yu-Lin Shen, 2023. "Analysis of Wind Farms under Different Yaw Angles and Wind Speeds," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-19, June.
    17. Majid Bastankhah & Fernando Porté-Agel, 2017. "A New Miniature Wind Turbine for Wind Tunnel Experiments. Part I: Design and Performance," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-19, July.
    18. Purohit, Shantanu & Ng, E.Y.K. & Syed Ahmed Kabir, Ijaz Fazil, 2022. "Evaluation of three potential machine learning algorithms for predicting the velocity and turbulence intensity of a wind turbine wake," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 405-420.
    19. Deepu Dilip & Fernando Porté-Agel, 2017. "Wind Turbine Wake Mitigation through Blade Pitch Offset," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(6), pages 1-17, May.
    20. Zhang, Sanxia & Luo, Kun & Yuan, Renyu & Wang, Qiang & Wang, Jianwen & Zhang, Liru & Fan, Jianren, 2018. "Influences of operating parameters on the aerodynamics and aeroacoustics of a horizontal-axis wind turbine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 597-611.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:166:y:2019:i:c:p:819-833. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.