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Biodiesel production from castor oil in Egypt: Process optimisation, kinetic study, diesel engine performance and exhaust emissions analysis

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  • Aboelazayem, Omar
  • El-Gendy, Nour Sh.
  • Abdel-Rehim, Ahmed A.
  • Ashour, Fatma
  • Sadek, Mohamed A.

Abstract

In this study, biodiesel production from castor oil has been investigated. Five independent variables including; methanol to oil (M:O) molar ratio, catalyst concentration, reaction temperature, time and stirring rate have been chosen to investigate their effect on biodiesel yield. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) via Rotatable Central Composite Design (RCCD) has been used to evaluate the influence of the independent variables on the reaction response. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) has been used to investigate the adequacy of the predicted model. The optimum conditions for 97.82% biodiesel yield have been achieved at M:O molar ratio of 5.4:1, potassium hydroxide (KOH) catalyst concentration of 0.73%, temperature of 64 °C, time of 2.5 h and stirring rate of 320 rpm. The predicted optimum conditions have been validated with 0.59% relative error from experimental results. The kinetic calculations concluded that reaction is pseudo second order with reaction rate constant, activation energy and frequency factor of 0.16 M−1 min−1, 21.95 kJ/mol and 6.02 M−1 min−1, respectively. Finally, a case study investigating the performance and emissions on a direct injection (DI) diesel engine fuelled by biodiesel/petro-diesel blends (5, 10, 15 and 20% v:v) has been performed concluding significant reduction of greenhouse and toxic gases.

Suggested Citation

  • Aboelazayem, Omar & El-Gendy, Nour Sh. & Abdel-Rehim, Ahmed A. & Ashour, Fatma & Sadek, Mohamed A., 2018. "Biodiesel production from castor oil in Egypt: Process optimisation, kinetic study, diesel engine performance and exhaust emissions analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 843-852.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:157:y:2018:i:c:p:843-852
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2018.05.202
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    2. Omar Aboelazayem & Mamdouh Gadalla & Basudeb Saha, 2022. "Comprehensive Optimisation of Biodiesel Production Conditions via Supercritical Methanolysis of Waste Cooking Oil," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-22, May.
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    4. Alvarez Serafini, Mariana S. & Reinoso, Deborath M. & Tonetto, Gabriela M., 2018. "Response surface study and kinetic modelling of biodiesel synthesis catalyzed by zinc stearate," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 264-274.
    5. Allahyarzadeh-Bidgoli, Ali & Dezan, Daniel Jonas & Salviano, Leandro Oliveira & de Oliveira Junior, Silvio & Yanagihara, Jurandir Itizo, 2019. "FPSO fuel consumption and hydrocarbon liquids recovery optimization over the lifetime of a deep-water oil field," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 181(C), pages 927-942.
    6. Aboelazayem, Omar & Gadalla, Mamdouh & Saha, Basudeb, 2018. "Design and simulation of an integrated process for biodiesel production from waste cooking oil using supercritical methanolysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 299-307.
    7. Carlos S. Osorio-González & Natali Gómez-Falcon & Fabiola Sandoval-Salas & Rahul Saini & Satinder K. Brar & Antonio Avalos Ramírez, 2020. "Production of Biodiesel from Castor Oil: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-22, May.
    8. Aboelazayem, Omar & Gadalla, Mamdouh & Saha, Basudeb, 2019. "Derivatisation-free characterisation and supercritical conversion of free fatty acids into biodiesel from high acid value waste cooking oil," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 143(C), pages 77-90.
    9. Saad Ahmad & Ali Turab Jafry & Muteeb ul Haq & Naseem Abbas & Huma Ajab & Arif Hussain & Uzair Sajjad, 2023. "Performance and Emission Characteristics of Second-Generation Biodiesel with Oxygenated Additives," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-33, July.
    10. Bisi Olaniyan & Basudeb Saha, 2020. "Multiobjective Optimization for the Greener Synthesis of Chloromethyl Ethylene Carbonate by CO 2 and Epichlorohydrin via Response Surface Methodology," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-27, February.
    11. Aboelazayem, Omar & Gadalla, Mamdouh & Alhajri, Ibrahim & Saha, Basudeb, 2021. "Advanced process integration for supercritical production of biodiesel: Residual waste heat recovery via organic Rankine cycle (ORC)," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 433-443.
    12. Vikas Sharma & Abul Kalam Hossain & Ganesh Duraisamy & Murugan Vijay, 2021. "Transesterification of Pyrolysed Castor Seed Oil in the Presence of CaCu(OCH 3 ) 2 Catalyst," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-14, September.
    13. Aboelazayem, Omar & Gadalla, Mamdouh & Saha, Basudeb, 2018. "Valorisation of high acid value waste cooking oil into biodiesel using supercritical methanolysis: Experimental assessment and statistical optimisation on typical Egyptian feedstock," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 408-420.
    14. Edmundas Kazimieras Zavadskas & Audrius Čereška & Jonas Matijošius & Alfredas Rimkus & Romualdas Bausys, 2019. "Internal Combustion Engine Analysis of Energy Ecological Parameters by Neutrosophic MULTIMOORA and SWARA Methods," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-26, April.

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