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Comprehensive Optimisation of Biodiesel Production Conditions via Supercritical Methanolysis of Waste Cooking Oil

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  • Omar Aboelazayem

    (School of Engineering, London South Bank University, London SE1 0AA, UK
    Department of Chemical Engineering, The British University in Egypt, Misr-Ismalia Road, El-Shorouk City 11837, Egypt
    School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK)

  • Mamdouh Gadalla

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, The British University in Egypt, Misr-Ismalia Road, El-Shorouk City 11837, Egypt
    Department of Chemical Engineering, Port Said University, Port Said 42511, Egypt)

  • Basudeb Saha

    (Engineering Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK)

Abstract

Biodiesel has been established as a promising alternative fuel to petroleum diesel. This study offers a promising energy conversion platform to valorise high acidity waste cooking oil (WCO) into biodiesel in a single-step reaction via supercritical methanol. Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) has been used as a co-solvent in the reaction with a catalytic effect to enhance the production of biodiesel. This work provides an in-depth assessment of the yield of four fatty acids methyl esters (FAME) from their correspondent triglycerides and fatty acids. The effects of four independent process variables, i.e., methanol to oil (M:O) molar ratio, temperature, pressure, and time, have been investigated using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Four quadratic models have been developed between process variables and the yield of FAMEs. The statistical validation of the predicted models has been performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Numerical optimisation has been employed to predict the optimal conditions for biodiesel production. The predicted optimal conditions are at 25:1 M:O molar ratio, 254.7 °C, 110 bar within 17 min resulting in 99.2%, 99.3%, 99.13%, and 99.05% of methyl-oleate, methyl-palmitate, methyl-linoleate, and methyl-stearate yields, respectively. The predicted optimum conditions have been validated experimentally.

Suggested Citation

  • Omar Aboelazayem & Mamdouh Gadalla & Basudeb Saha, 2022. "Comprehensive Optimisation of Biodiesel Production Conditions via Supercritical Methanolysis of Waste Cooking Oil," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-22, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:10:p:3766-:d:820081
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Aboelazayem, Omar & Gadalla, Mamdouh & Alhajri, Ibrahim & Saha, Basudeb, 2021. "Advanced process integration for supercritical production of biodiesel: Residual waste heat recovery via organic Rankine cycle (ORC)," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 433-443.
    2. Ming-Chien Hsiao & Peir-Horng Liao & Nguyen Vu Lan & Shuhn-Shyurng Hou, 2021. "Enhancement of Biodiesel Production from High-Acid-Value Waste Cooking Oil via a Microwave Reactor Using a Homogeneous Alkaline Catalyst," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-11, January.
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    6. Aboelazayem, Omar & Gadalla, Mamdouh & Saha, Basudeb, 2018. "Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil via supercritical methanol: Optimisation and reactor simulation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 124(C), pages 144-154.
    7. Aboelazayem, Omar & Gadalla, Mamdouh & Saha, Basudeb, 2019. "Derivatisation-free characterisation and supercritical conversion of free fatty acids into biodiesel from high acid value waste cooking oil," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 143(C), pages 77-90.
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    11. Krystyna Kurowska & Renata Marks-Bielska & Stanisław Bielski & Hubert Kryszk & Algirdas Jasinskas, 2020. "Food Security in the Context of Liquid Biofuels Production," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-16, November.
    12. Umar, Yusuf & Velasco, Orlando & Abdelaziz, Omar Y. & Aboelazayem, Omar & Gadalla, Mamdouh A. & Hulteberg, Christian P. & Saha, Basudeb, 2022. "A renewable lignin-derived bio-oil for boosting the oxidation stability of biodiesel," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 182(C), pages 867-878.
    13. Hüseyin Çamur & Ebaa Alassi, 2021. "Physicochemical Properties Enhancement of Biodiesel Synthesis from Various Feedstocks of Waste/Residential Vegetable Oils and Palm Oil," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-29, August.
    14. Haseeb Yaqoob & Yew Heng Teoh & Farooq Sher & Muhammad Umer Farooq & Muhammad Ahmad Jamil & Zareena Kausar & Noor Us Sabah & Muhammad Faizan Shah & Hafiz Zia Ur Rehman & Atiq Ur Rehman, 2021. "Potential of Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel as Renewable Fuel in Combustion Engines: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-20, April.
    15. Aboelazayem, Omar & Gadalla, Mamdouh & Saha, Basudeb, 2018. "Valorisation of high acid value waste cooking oil into biodiesel using supercritical methanolysis: Experimental assessment and statistical optimisation on typical Egyptian feedstock," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 408-420.
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