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Time-varying leverage effects

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  • Bandi, Federico M.
  • Renò, Roberto

Abstract

Vast empirical evidence points to the existence of a negative correlation, named ”leverage effect”, between shocks to variance and shocks to returns. We provide a nonparametric theory of leverage estimation in the context of a continuous-time stochastic volatility model with jumps in returns, jumps in variance, or both. Leverage is defined as a flexible function of the state of the firm, as summarized by the spot variance level. We show that its point-wise functional estimates have asymptotic properties (in terms of rates of convergence, limiting biases, and limiting variances) which crucially depend on the likelihood of the individual jumps and co-jumps as well as on the features of the jump size distributions. Empirically, we find economically important time-variation in leverage with more negative values associated with higher variance levels.

Suggested Citation

  • Bandi, Federico M. & Renò, Roberto, 2012. "Time-varying leverage effects," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 169(1), pages 94-113.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:econom:v:169:y:2012:i:1:p:94-113
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jeconom.2012.01.010
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